ReviewMicrobiology (Reading, England)2012
Multiple leptospiral sphingomyelinases (or are there?).
Review in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of leptospiral virulence-modifying protein detection assay: implications for pathogenesis and diagnostic test development.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Leptospirosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Identification of virulence genes and clade-specific markers through pan-genomic analysis of Leptospira.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary insights into the emergence of virulent Leptospira spirochetes.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Evolutionary insights into the emergence of virulentbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Sph2Vaccines · 2023Article
- PathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Pathogen-specific leptospiral proteins in urine of patients with febrile illness aids in differential diagnosis of leptospirosis from dengue.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- PathogenicOpen veterinary journal · 2018Review
- Comparative analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of Leptospira species.Microbial pathogenesis · 2016Article
- Comparative genomic analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of Leptospira species.Microbial pathogenesis · 2015Article
- Role of sph2 Gene Regulation in Hemolytic and Sphingomyelinase Activities Produced by Leptospira interrogans.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Leptospiral pathogenomics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Review
- A model system for studying the transcriptomic and physiological changes associated with mammalian host-adaptation by Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Leptospiral outer membrane protein microarray, a novel approach to identification of host ligand-binding proteins.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Culture supernatants of leptospiral pathogens have long been known to haemolyse erythrocytes. This property is due, at least in part, to sphingomyelinase activity. Indeed, genome sequencing reveals that pathogenic Leptospira species are richly endowed with sphingomyelinase homologues: five genes have been annotated to encode sphingomyelinases in Leptospira interrogans. Such redundancy suggests that this class of genes is likely to benefit leptospiral pathogens in their interactions with the mammalian host. Surprisingly, sequence comparison with bacterial sphingomyelinases for which the crystal structures are known reveals that only one of the leptospiral homologues has the active site amino acid residues required for enzymic activity. Based on studies of other bacterial toxins, we propose that leptospiral sphingomyelinase homologues, irrespective of their catalytic activity, may possess additional molecular functions that benefit the spirochaete. Potential secretion pathways and roles in pathogenesis are discussed, including nutrient acquisition, dissemination, haemorrhage and immune evasion. Although leptospiral sphingomyelinase-like proteins are best known for their cytolytic properties, we believe that a better understanding of their biological role requires the examination of their sublytic properties as well.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.