ArticleCell death and differentiation2012
Mesenchymal stem cells: a double-edged sword in regulating immune responses.
Article in Cell death and differentiation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 237 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
237 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 432 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune and rheumatic immune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nitric Oxide in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: A Spatial Model of Nitrosative Stress and Clonal Evolution in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c activates metabolic signaling but blunts reparative function in human mesenchymal stromal cells.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Article
- METTL3-mCellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Double-Edged Sword: Balancing Inflammation and Immunosuppression in Human Papillomavirus-Infected Tissues.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Stem cell-mediated recovery in stroke: partnering with the immune system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- MSC administration resolves experimental acute gout increasing specialized pro-resolving mediators synthesis through a super-induction of prostaglandin EStem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- TNF-α-driven m6A modification disrupts the immunoregulatory function of MSCs by regulating HDAC5-dependent super-enhancers.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase: An important controller in maintaining mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunomodulatory homeostasis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Cell-based regenerative and rejuvenation strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Host FSTL1 defines the impact of stem cell therapy on liver fibrosis by potentiating the early recruitment of inflammatory macrophages.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization Through Downregulation ofJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Current Status of Research on Nanomaterials Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Review
- 3D-printed constructs deliver bioactive cargos to expedite cartilage regeneration.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells for immune modulation in systemic lupus erythematosus: From bench research to clinical applications.Narra J · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells as cancer promoters.Oncogene · 2024Review
177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed successfully to treat various immune disorders in animal models and clinical settings. Our previous studies have shown that MSCs can become highly immunosuppressive upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, an effect exerted through the concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide (NO). Here, we show that MSCs can also enhance immune responses. This immune-promoting effect occurred when proinflammatory cytokines were inadequate to elicit sufficient NO production. When inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production was inhibited or genetically ablated, MSCs strongly enhance T-cell proliferation in vitro and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vivo. Furthermore, iNOS(-/-) MSCs significantly inhibited melanoma growth. It is likely that in the absence of NO, chemokines act to promote immune responses. Indeed, in CCR5(-/-)CXCR3(-/-) mice, the immune-promoting effect of iNOS(-/-) MSCs is greatly diminished. Thus, NO acts as a switch in MSC-mediated immunomodulation. More importantly, the dual effect on immune reactions was also observed in human MSCs, in which indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) acts as a switch. This study provides novel information about the pathophysiological roles of MSCs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.