SynthesisJournal of hepatology2012
Are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers? A meta-analysis of risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Synthesis in Journal of hepatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 255 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 517 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic value of quantitative DWI and IVIM parameters in differentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival among Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Anatomic Versus Non-anatomic Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Chinese national clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancers.Chinese medical journal · 2024Guideline
- A Practical Guide for the Systemic Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancer in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Guideline
- [Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance of primary liver cancer(2020 Edition)].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Guideline
- Body Mass Index, Diabetes and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Risk: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project and Meta-analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2018Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of clinically diagnosed liver cirrhosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with systemic chemotherapy: a subgroup analysis of JCOG1113.Japanese journal of clinical oncology · 2025Trial
- Long-term risk of primary liver cancers in entecavir versus tenofovir treatment for chronic hepatitis B.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-sialylated mucin core polypeptide 1 is a sensitive biomarker for biliary tract carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study.Journal of gastroenterology · 2017Trial
- Advances in liver transplantation for hepatic malignancies.Hepatic oncology · 2026Review
- Rising Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Rates in the United States Are Driving Liver Cancer Rates in Females.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026Article
- Real-life experience in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma by transarterial radioembolization: a multicenter retrospective study.EJNMMI reports · 2026Article
- Synchronous PET/MR imaging and visualizing penetration of nanomedicine within tumor based onJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Current Status of Drug Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma-Updated Progress and Critical Limitations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- High incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in end-stage renal disease patients in Taiwan: analysis of a nationwide database with molecular insight of aristolochic acid exposure.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Survival and Recurrence in Liver Transplant Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Annals of transplantation · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma After Liver Transplantation in Patients with or without Concurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Annals of transplantation · 2025Article
- Characteristics of "Very Early" Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Undergoing Liver Resection and Its Relationship With Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9.Journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsWell established risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma such as biliary tract inflammation and liver flukes are not present in most Western countries patients. Although cirrhosis and other causes of chronic liver disease have been implicated, their contribution as risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma is unclear and our aims were to analyze these emerging potential risk factors by systematic examination of case-control series from geographically diverse regions.
methodsWe performed a literature review and meta-analysis of case-control studies on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and cirrhosis and related risk factors. Tests of heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were performed and an overall odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals calculated.
resultsEleven studies from both high and low prevalence regions were identified. All studies except those evaluating cirrhosis, diabetes, and obesity exhibited significant heterogeneity. Cirrhosis was associated with a combined OR of 22.92 (95% CI=18.24-28.79). Meta-analysis estimated the overall odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) for defined risk factors such as hepatitis B: 5.10 (2.91-8.95), hepatitis C: 4.84 (2.41-9.71), obesity: 1.56 (1.26-1.94), diabetes mellitus type II: 1.89 (1.74-2.07), smoking: 1.31 (0.95-1.82), and alcohol use: 2.81 (1.52-5.21). Sensitivity analysis did not alter the odds ratio for any risk factors except smoking and there was no evidence of publication bias.
conclusionsCirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B and C, alcohol use, diabetes, and obesity are major risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These data suggest a common pathogenesis of primary intrahepatic epithelial cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.