ArticleAmerican journal of public health2012
The influence of implicit bias on treatment recommendations for 4 common pediatric conditions: pain, urinary tract infection, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and asthma.
Article in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 199 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Addressing Provider Stress and Unconscious Bias to Improve Quality of Maternal Health Care
Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience (CPIPE) Study: A Cluster Randomized-controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of the CPIPE Intervention on Person-centered Maternity Care
Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 509 citations in OpenAlex.
- Race, ethnicity, and clinical outcome following sport-related concussion: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Implicit racial bias among medical graduates and students by an IAT measure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2022Pooled it
- Does ethnicity affect pain management for people with advanced disease? A mixed methods cross-national systematic review of 'very high' Human Development Index English-speaking countries.BMC palliative care · 2022Pooled it
- Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review.BMC medical ethics · 2017Pooled it
- Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review.American journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- Determinants of increased opioid-related mortality in the United States and Canada, 1990-2013: a systematic review.American journal of public health · 2014Pooled it
- A systematic review of the extent and measurement of healthcare provider racism.Journal of general internal medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Do norms unintentionally increase stereotypical expressions? A randomised controlled trial.Medical education · 2022Trial
- A Brief Online Implicit Bias Intervention for School Mental Health Clinicians.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- An online experiment to assess bias in professional medical coding.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Study of Individualization and Bias in Nursing Home Fall Prevention Practices.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2017Trial
- Differences in Physicians' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication With Black and White Patients at the End of Life.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2016Trial
- Physician Implicit Racial Bias and Guideline-Concordant Vascular Care.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Bias and discrimination in healthcare through the eyes of future professionals: a qualitative study of student observations.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Negative Descriptors of Patients With Sickle Cell Disease in the Electronic Health Record.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Physician Attitudes Embedded Within Electronic Medical Records of Persons With and Without Serious Mental Illness.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Are superficial surgical site infections underrecognized in Black patients? A NSQIP database analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- The Invisibility of the Multiply Stigmatized Patient: Intersections of Ethnic Prejudice and Stigma of Chronic Disease in Medical Students.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe examined the association between pediatricians' attitudes about race and treatment recommendations by patients' race.
methodsWe conducted an online survey of academic pediatricians (n = 86). We used 3 Implicit Association Tests to measure implicit attitudes and stereotypes about race. Dependent variables were recommendations for pain management, urinary tract infections, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and asthma, measured by case vignettes. We used correlational analysis to assess associations among measures and hierarchical multiple regression to measure the interactive effect of the attitude measures and patients' race on treatment recommendations.
resultsPediatricians' implicit (unconscious) attitudes and stereotypes were associated with treatment recommendations. The association between unconscious bias and patient's race was statistically significant for prescribing a narcotic medication for pain following surgery. As pediatricians' implicit pro-White bias increased, prescribing narcotic medication decreased for African American patients but not for the White patients. Self-reported attitudes about race were associated with some treatment recommendations.
conclusionsPediatricians' implicit attitudes about race affect pain management. There is a need to better understand the influence of physicians' unconscious beliefs about race on pain and other areas of care.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.