SynthesisOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2012
A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide.
Synthesis in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 689 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hip Fracture Epidemiology at Hospital Regional Rafael Hernandez. September 2014 to March 2015.
Static Helical Screw Locking of Pertrochanteric Femur Fractures Using the TFN-Advanced Proximal Femoral Nailing System - a Randomized Trial
Analgesic Effect of Paracetamol in Patients With Femur Fracture: is Intravenous Better Than Oral?
Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of Risk Factors and Risk Prediction Model for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly
Who cites it
689 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intramedullary fixation versus arthroplasty in the treatment of geriatric trochanteric fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- What patient reported outcome measures are used in clinical trials in hip fracture? A systematic mapping review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Intravenous Analgesia and Various Nerve Blocks for Pain Management in Elderly Patients With Hip Fractures: A Meta-Analysis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Updated practice guideline for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Guideline
- Gender differences between smoking and the risk of hip fracture.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- [Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Guideline
- Impact of fast-track rehabilitation nursing on pressure ulcers and postoperative complications in patients with inter-trochanteric fractures: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- The Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Mortality Risk after Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- NSAIDs for Pain Control During the Peri-Operative Period of Hip Fracture Surgery: A Systematic Review.Drugs & aging · 2024Pooled it
- Postoperative outcomes in patients operated for extra- and intracapsular hip fractures - a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- A randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of tranexamic acid on post-operative blood transfusions in patient with intra-capsular hip fractures treated with hemi- or total hip arthroplasty.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Trial
- Perioperative Administration of Tranexamic Acid and Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Enhanced Blood Management in Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Trial
- Reduced Risk of Recurrent Fragility Fractures After a Primary Care-Based Fracture Prevention Intervention: A 20-Year Non-Randomized Controlled Follow-Up Study in Women Aged 70-100.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Osteoporosis medication initiation after proximal humerus fractures is low, but associated with decreased secondary fragility fracture risk.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2026Article
- [Clinical analysis of 369 deaths within 30 days following surgical treatment of proximal femur fracture].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Increasing mobility while in hospital after hip fracture: even the best evidence may not translate to all national health services.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2026Review
- [Does endoprosthetic treatment of medial femoral neck fractures in obese patients using a minimally invasive anterolateral approach have a higher complication rate? : A retrospective case-control study].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nordic hip fracture registries: comparisons toward a minimal common and standardized Nordic Hip Fracture Dataset (Nordic-HFD).Acta orthopaedica · 2026Article
- Early surgery of trochanteric femoral fractures in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) reduces the length of stay (LOS) and the 1-year mortality rates without increasing the risk for revision surgery: a matched-pair analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
629 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe country-specific risk of hip fracture and the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture were determined on a worldwide basis from a systematic review of literature. There was a greater than 10-fold variation in hip fracture risk and fracture probability between countries.
introductionThe present study aimed to update the available information base available on the heterogeneity in the risk of hip fracture on a worldwide basis. An additional aim was to document variations in major fracture probability as determined from the available FRAX models.
methodsStudies on hip fracture risk were identified from 1950 to November 2011 by a Medline OVID search. Evaluable studies in each country were reviewed for quality and representativeness and a study (studies) chosen to represent that country. Age-specific incidence rates were age-standardised to the world population in 2010 in men, women and both sexes combined. The 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture for a specific clinical scenario was computed in those countries for which a FRAX model was available.
resultsFollowing quality evaluation, age-standardised rates of hip fracture were available for 63 countries and 45 FRAX models available in 40 countries to determine fracture probability. There was a greater than 10-fold variation in hip fracture risk and fracture probability between countries.
conclusionsWorldwide, there are marked variations in hip fracture rates and in the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures. The variation is sufficiently large that these cannot be explained by the often multiple sources of error in the ascertainment of cases or the catchment population. Understanding the reasons for this heterogeneity may lead to global strategies for the prevention of fractures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.