ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Transglutaminase 2 promotes both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic cell death via the calpain/Bax protein signaling pathway.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Removal or inhibition of transglutaminase 2 decreases cellular stress, supporting tissue preservation, and recovery after SCI.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Transglutaminase 7 Silencing Inhibits Proliferation and Modulates Inflammatory and Apoptotic Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.Oncology research · 2025Article
- The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Transglutaminase 2 in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Ferroptosis Is a Synergistic Antitumor Therapy Strategy.Cancers · 2023Review
- A Central Contribution of TG2 Activity to the Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Caffeic Acid in K562 Cells of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Profiling of TG2 and Its Effectors in Human Relapsing Remitting and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Nuclear Transglutaminase 2 interacts with topoisomerase II⍺ to promote DNA damage repair in lung cancer cells.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Article
- The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment.Cancers · 2021Review
- Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Transglutaminase 2 takes center stage as a cancer cell survival factor and therapy target.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2019Article
- Investigation of copper-cysteamine nanoparticles as a new photosensitizer for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer biology & therapy · 2019Article
- Opening up about Tissue Transglutaminase: When Conformation Matters More than Enzymatic Activity.Med one · 2018Article
- Fungus-derived hydroxyl radicals kill hepatic cells by enhancing nuclear transglutaminase.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy induces THP-1 macrophage apoptosis via ROS bursts and activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2015Article
- Nisin ZP, a Bacteriocin and Food Preservative, Inhibits Head and Neck Cancer Tumorigenesis and Prolongs Survival.PloS one · 2015Article
- Natural compound Alternol induces oxidative stress-dependent apoptotic cell death preferentially in prostate cancer cells.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2014Article
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor (PAC1) gene is suppressed by transglutaminase 2 activation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- C-peptide activates AMPKα and prevents ROS-mediated mitochondrial fission and endothelial apoptosis in diabetes.Diabetes · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a versatile protein that is implicated in significant biological processes, including cell death and degenerative diseases. A possible role of TG2 in the apoptotic death of cancer cells induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) was suggested recently; however, the mechanism by which TG2 regulates apoptotic responses to PDT remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the key signaling pathways stimulated during apoptotic cell death following PDT and whether inhibition of TG2 activation using pharmacological approaches and siRNAs affects the signaling pathways. PDT caused the release of both cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) by damaging mitochondria, which resulted in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic cell death, respectively. Released AIF translocated to the nucleus and, synergistically with the caspase-dependent pathway, led to apoptotic cell death. Both the caspase cascade and the activation of AIF following PDT were mediated by TG2 activation. In addition, PDT-activated calpain was responsible for the sequential events of Bax translocation, the collapse of ΔΨ(m), caspase-3 activation, and AIF translocation, all of which were provoked by TG2 activation. Together, these results demonstrate that PDT with a chlorin-based photosensitizer targets TG2 by activating calpain-induced Bax translocation, which induces apoptotic cell death through both caspase-dependent and AIF-mediated pathways. Moreover, these results indicate that TG2 may be a possible therapeutic target for PDT treatment of cancer.
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