ArticleBiology of sex differences2012
Sex differences in primary hypertension.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 436 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Cardiometabolic Health of African Immigrants in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A randomized vagus nerve stimulation study demonstrates that serum aldosterone levels decrease with age in women, but not in men.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Differential Sex-Specific Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy on Arterial Function in Hypertension: CALIBREX Trial.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Trial
- Review
- Sexual dimorphic pattern of renal transporters and channels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Identifying sex-specific genetic effects across 733 traits in UK biobank.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Precision biomarker discovery in hypertension through explainable AI and proteomics.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Identification of putative kidney-derived proteins in plasma using nanoparticle enrichment.Molecular omics · 2026Article
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among sanitation workers: a community based cross-sectional survey in five urban regions of Nepal.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Novel Advances in Our Understanding of Sex-Dependent Control of Blood Pressure.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- Prescription Trends of Initial Antihypertensive Medications Among Presumed Treatment-Naïve Individuals in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- The impact of testosterone on paraventricular nucleus gene expression in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Influencing factors for the increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference among populations of different genders.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among individuals undergoing premarital examination in Guangxi, China: a large cross-sectional study, 2022-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Geographic and demographic disparities in sepsis and renal failure mortality: a CDC WONDER-based narrative review of 1999-2020 trends.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Burden among Recently Arrived Refugees in Syracuse, New York.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Understanding gender variation in the risk factors of hypertension through cross sectional analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Concomitant mortality trends due to obesity and hypertension in the U.S.: a 20-year retrospective analysis of the CDC WONDER database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Men have higher blood pressure than women through much of life regardless of race and ethnicity. This is a robust and highly conserved sex difference that it is also observed across species including dogs, rats, mice and chickens and it is found in induced, genetic and transgenic animal models of hypertension. Not only do the differences between the ovarian and testicular hormonal milieu contribute to this sexual dimorphism in blood pressure, the sex chromosomes also play a role in and of themselves. This review primarily focuses on epidemiological studies of blood pressure in men and women and experimental models of hypertension in both sexes. Gaps in current knowledge regarding what underlie male-female differences in blood pressure control are discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying sex differences in hypertension may lead to the development of anti-hypertensives tailored to one's sex and ultimately to improved therapeutic strategies for treating this disease and preventing its devastating consequences.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.