ReviewMarine drugs2012
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain.
Review in Marine drugs, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Security of Tetrodotoxin in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Marine drugs · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of tetrodotoxin in Sprague-Dawley rats following intramuscular injection.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The identification of potent nonopioid analgesics and their potential for perioperative use.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Exploring the Pain-Relieving Potential: Unveiling Antinociceptive Properties in Animal Venoms and Toxins.Toxins · 2026Review
- Review
- Marine-derived bioactive compounds for neuropathic pain: pharmacology and therapeutic potential.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota Between Tetrodotoxin-Containing and Tetrodotoxin-FreeMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Toxicological and Pharmacological Activities, and Potential Medical Applications, of Marine Algal Toxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Conotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Anti-Candidal Marine Natural Products: A Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recovery of tetrodotoxin from pufferfish viscera extract by amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Drugs as Chemical Weapons: Past and Perspectives.Toxics · 2023Review
- Metaplasticity: a key to visual recovery from amblyopia in adulthood?Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Chemical and Biological Tools for the Study of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Electrogenesis and Nociception.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean: Transpiring Role of Marine Drugs in Management of Chronic Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Interleukin-17 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Prostaglandin ERespiratory research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.