ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2012
Dried blood spot specimens are a suitable alternative sample type for HIV-1 viral load measurement and drug resistance genotyping in patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The performance of using dried blood spot specimens for HIV-1 viral load testing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Dried Plasma Spot Specimens for HIV-1 Viral Load Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of the use of dried blood spots for monitoring HIV viral load and for early infant diagnosis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Performance of plasma separation cards for HIV drug-resistance genotyping in a resource-limited setting: comparison with plasma samples.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Comparison of dried blood spot (DBS) and plasma HIV-1 viral load measurements using Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan assay, Northwest Ethiopia.Virology journal · 2025Article
- HIV phylogenetic clusters point to unmet hiv prevention, testing and treatment needs among men who have sex with men in kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Verification of dried blood spot as a sample type for HIV viral load and early infant diagnosis on Hologic Panther in Zambia.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- A Partially Multiplexed HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) Assay for Monitoring HIVDR Mutations of the Protease, Reverse-Transcriptase (PRRT), and Integrase (INT).Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Overview of the Analytes Applied in Genotypic HIV Drug Resistance Testing.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Real-Life Feasibility of HIV Drug Resistance Testing Using Dried Filter Analytes in Kenyan Children and Adolescents Living with HIV.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- HIV-2 Drug Resistance Genotyping from Dried Blood Spots.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Article
- Quantification of HIV-1 RNA Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Using an At-Home Self-Collected Dried Blood Spot Specimen: Feasibility Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2018Article
- Article
- Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings.PloS one · 2018Article
- Alternative Sample Types for HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is being administered in developing nations at unprecedented numbers following the World Health Organization's (WHO) development of standardized first-line drug regimens. To ensure continued efficacy of these drug regimens, WHO recommends monitoring virological responses and development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance (HIVDR) in HIV-infected patients in a prospective cohort. The current study compared dried fluid spot specimens with the reference standard plasma specimens as a practical tool for viral load (VL) and HIVDR genotyping in resource-limited settings.
methodsDried blood spot (DBS), dried plasma spot (DPS), and plasma specimens were collected from 173 -patients receiving ART at 2 hospital sites in Abuja, Nigeria. HIV-1 VL analysis was performed using NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.1 RUO test kits. Genotyping of the HIV-1 pol gene was performed using a broadly sensitive in-house assay.
resultsDirect comparison of VL levels showed that DBS specimens, and not DPS specimens, gave results comparable to those of plasma specimens (P = .0619 and .0007, respectively); however, both DBS and DPS specimens had excellent correlation with plasma specimens in predicting virological failure (VL, ≥1000 copies/mL) in patients (κ = 0.78 and 0.83, respectively). Of the 18 specimens with a plasma VL ≥1000 copies/mL, HIVDR genotyping rates were 100% in DBS and 38.9% in DPS specimens, and DBS specimens identified 61 of 65 HIVDR mutations (93.8%) identified in plasma specimens.
conclusionsOur results indicate that DBS specimens could be used for surveys to monitor HIVDR prevention failure in resource-limited settings.
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