ArticleBMJ open2012
A retrospective cross-sectional study of risk factors and clinical spectrum of children admitted to hospital with pandemic H1N1 influenza as compared to influenza A.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Obesity as a risk factor for severe influenza infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecal samples: what do we know?Virology journal · 2015Pooled it
- Review
- Evaluation of the influenza vaccine protection in the house dust mite-induced chronic allergic asthma mice model and the evaluation of squalene oil in water emulsion as an adjuvant candidate.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of within-host diversity among vaccinated COVID-19 patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants.iScience · 2022Article
- Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes - Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- A paucigranulocytic asthma host environment promotes the emergence of virulent influenza viral variants.eLife · 2021Article
- Serious outcomes of medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among school-aged children with and without asthma, 2007-2018.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- Risk factors for seasonal influenza virus detection in stools of patients consulting in general practice for acute respiratory infections in France, 2014-2016.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Observational
- Pulmonary inflammation and cytokine dynamics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a mouse model of bronchial asthma during A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Retrospective review of factors associated with severe hospitalised community-acquired influenza in a tertiary paediatric hospital in South Australia.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
- Epidemiology of Australian Influenza-Related Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Admissions, 1997-2013.PloS one · 2016Article
- Prevention of Influenza Virus-Induced Immunopathology by TGF-β Produced during Allergic Asthma.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Influenza in hospitalized children in Ireland in the pandemic period and the 2010/2011 season: risk factors for paediatric intensive-care-unit admission.Epidemiology and infection · 2014Article
- Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and asthma.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare risk factors for severe disease as measured by admission to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) and other clinical outcomes in children with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) versus those with seasonal influenza.
designRetrospective analysis of children admitted to hospital with pH1N1 versus seasonal influenza A.
settingCanadian tertiary referral children's hospital.
participantsAll laboratory-identified cases of pH1N1 in children younger than 18 years admitted to hospital in 2009 (n=176) and all seasonal influenza A cases admitted to hospital from influenza seasons 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 (n=200). Children with onset of symptoms more than 3 days after admission were excluded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes include admission to hospital and ICU and need for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes include length of stay in hospital and duration of supplemental oxygen requirement.
resultsChildren admitted with pH1N1 were older than seasonal influenza A admissions (hospital admission: 6.5 vs 3.3 years, p<0.01; ICU admission: 7.3 vs 3.6 years, p=0.02). Children hospitalised with pH1N1 were more likely to have a pre-existing diagnosis of asthma (15% vs 5%, p<0.01); however, there was no difference in the severity of pre-existing asthma between the two groups. After controlling for obesity, asthma (OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.42 to 14.81) and age ≥5 years (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.60 to 5.16) were more common risk factors in admitted children with pH1N1. Asthma was a significant predictor of the need for intensive care in patients with pH1N1 (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.16 to 17.89) but not in patients with seasonal influenza A.
conclusionWhile most pH1N1 cases presented with classic influenza-like symptoms, risk factors for severe pH1N1 disease differed from seasonal influenza A. Older age and asthma were associated with increased admission to hospital and ICU for children with pH1N1.
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