Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22411854›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2012

Recurrent horizontal transfer of bacterial toxin genes to eukaryotes.

Yehu Moran, David Fredman, Pawel Szczesny, Marcin Grynberg, Ulrich Technau

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Aerolysin-like proteins fromFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Microbial Evolution and Systematics: Archaea and Bacteria.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026
    Review
  7. Evolutionary cell biology comes of age.Journal of cell science · 2025
    Article
  8. ThemBio · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Horizontal gene transfer underlies the painful stings of asp caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Evolution of insect innate immunity through domestication of bacterial toxins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Yehu MoranDepartment for Molecular Evolution and Development, Center for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. yehu.moran@univie.ac.at
David Fredman
Pawel Szczesny
Marcin Grynberg
Ulrich Technau
University of Vienna · ATInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences · PL

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 24858
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this work, we report likely recurrent horizontal (lateral) gene transfer events of genes encoding pore-forming toxins of the aerolysin family between species belonging to different kingdoms of life. Clustering based on pairwise similarity and phylogenetic analysis revealed several distinct aerolysin sequence groups, each containing proteins from multiple kingdoms of life. These results strongly support at least six independent transfer events between distantly related phyla in the evolutionary history of one protein family and discount selective retention of ancestral genes as a plausible explanation for this patchy phylogenetic distribution. We discuss the possible roles of these proteins and show evidence for a convergent new function in two extant species. We hypothesize that certain gene families are more likely to be maintained following horizontal gene transfer from commensal or pathogenic organism to its host if they 1) can function alone; and 2) are immediately beneficial for the ecology of the organism, as in the case of pore-forming toxins which can be utilized in multicellular organisms for defense and predation.

Indexed as

Gene Transfer, HorizontalAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBacterial ToxinsCnidariaEukaryotaEvolution, MolecularGene ExpressionMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsSequence AlignmentaerolysinBacterial ToxinsPore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22411854
PMCPMC3424411
OpenAlexW2140854861

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.