Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22411303›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists2012

Specific inactivation of Twist1 in the mandibular arch neural crest cells affects the development of the ramus and reveals interactions with hand2.

Yanping Zhang, Evan L Blackwell, Mitchell T McKnight, Gregory R Knutsen, Wendy T Vu, L Bruno Ruest

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Klf5a in Endoderm Promotes Pharyngeal Cartilage Morphogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yanping ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, TAMHSC-Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Evan L Blackwell
Mitchell T McKnight
Gregory R Knutsen
Wendy T Vu
L Bruno Ruest
Baylor College of Medicine · US

Funding

BCD Research Infrastructure Enhancement ProgramU24DE016472 · NIDCR · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI CARLSON, DAVID S. · 2004 to 2005
$2.8M
Baylor's Scientific Training Program for Dental Academic Researchers: B-STARST32DE018380 · NIDCR · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI SVOBODA, KATHY KAY · 2008 to 2012
$1.7M
NIDCR NIH HHS T32 DE018380NIDCR NIH HHS T32-DE018380NIDCR NIH HHS U24 DE016472NIDCR NIH HHS U24-DE16472
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Twist1 fulfills an essential function in neural crest cell formation, migration, and survival and is associated with the craniosynostic Saethre-Chotzen syndrome in humans. However, its functions during mandibular development, when it may interact with other bHLH transcription factors like Hand2, are unknown because mice homozygous for the Twist1 null mutation die in early embryogenesis. To determine the role of Twist1 during mandibular development, we used the Hand2-Cre transgene to conditionally inactivate the gene in the neural crest cells populating the mandibular pharyngeal arch.

resultsThe mutant mice exhibited a spectrum of craniofacial anomalies, including mandibular hypoplasia, altered middle ear development, and cleft palate. It appears that Twist1 is essential for the survival of the neural crest cells involved in the development of the mandibular ramal elements. Twist1 plays a role in molar development and cusp formation by participating in the reciprocal signaling needed for the formation of the enamel knot. This gene is also needed to control the ossification of the mandible, a redundant role shared with Hand2.

conclusionTwist1, along with Hand2, is essential for the proximodistal patterning and development of the mandible and ossification.

Indexed as

AnimalsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsBranchial RegionCraniofacial AbnormalitiesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMandibleMiceMice, TransgenicNeural CrestNeuronsNuclear ProteinsOrganogenesisTwist-Related Protein 1Basic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsHand2 protein, mouseNuclear ProteinsTwist1 protein, mouseTwist-Related Protein 1

Identifiers

PMID22411303
PMCPMC3346293
OpenAlexW2095239060

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.