ArticleCancer2012
Circumcision and the risk of prostate cancer.
Article in Cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2015Pooled it
- The role of prostatitis in prostate cancer: meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Novel penile circumcision suturing devices versus the shang ring for adult male circumcision: a prospective study.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyTrial
- Does the evidence support circumcision of infant males in the United Kingdom?-a systematic review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Understanding stakeholder perspectives on integrating and sustaining a vertical HIV prevention programme into routine health services in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Integration of a vertical voluntary medical male circumcision program into routine health services in Zimbabwe: A solution for sustainable HIV prevention.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study and clinical implications for these patients' populations.Biology direct · 2024Article
- Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association's guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Article
- A matched case-control study in Taiwan to evaluate potential risk factors for prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evidence-based circumcision policy for Australia.Journal of men's health · 2022Article
- Male circumcision and prostate cancer: A geographical analysis, meta-analysis, and cost analysis.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2020Review
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (abridged version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- Identification of low oxygen-tolerating bacteria in prostate secretions of cancer patients and discussion of possible aetiological significance.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure.Global health, science and practice · 2017Article
- Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2017Article
- The characteristics of circular disposable devices and in situ devices for optimizing male circumcision: a network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Prostatitis, other genitourinary infections and prostate cancer: results from a population-based case-control study.World journal of urology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral lines of evidence support a role for infectious agents in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). In particular, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been implicated in PCa etiology, and studies have found that the risk of acquiring a STI can be reduced with circumcision. Therefore, circumcision may reduce PCa risk.
methodsParticipant data collected as part of 2 population-based case-control studies of PCa were analyzed. Self-reported circumcision status, age at circumcision, and age at first sexual intercourse were recorded along with a history of STIs or prostatitis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of PCa by circumcision status.
resultsData from 1754 cases and 1645 controls were available. Circumcision before first sexual intercourse was associated with a 15% reduction in risk of PCa compared to that of uncircumcised men (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.99). This risk reduction was observed for cases with both less aggressive (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74-1.04) and more aggressive (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-1.00) PCa features.
conclusionsCircumcision before first sexual intercourse is associated with a reduction in the relative risk of PCa in this study population. These findings are consistent with research supporting the infectious/inflammation pathway in prostate carcinogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.