Trial reportArthritis research & therapy2012
Induction of long-term B-cell depletion in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients preferentially affects autoreactive more than protective humoral immunity.
Trial report in Arthritis research & therapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06475495 (Comparison of B-cell Depletion by Rituximab and Anti-CD 19 CAR-T Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Two-stage Interventional, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Open Label, Parallel-group Phase I/II Trial in Patients With Active, ACPA-positive and Treatment Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of B-cell Depletion by Rituximab and Anti-CD 19 CAR-T Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Two-stage Interventional, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Open Label, Parallel-group Phase I/II Trial in Patients With Active, ACPA-positive and Treatment Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of memory B-cell trafficking by belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term safety and efficacy of the combination of belimumab and rituximab in the treatment of severe and refractory SLE: a preliminary report.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Disease modification in lupus nephritis: towards a pathophysiology-based treatment paradigm.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific Fab profiling achieves molecular-resolution analysis of human autoantibody repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Dual B-cell targeting therapy ameliorates autoimmune cholangitis.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- Persistence of Virus-Specific Antibody after Depletion of Memory B Cells.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The Role of B Cells in Adult and Paediatric Liver Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Anti-citrullinated Protein Antibody Generation, Pathogenesis, Clinical Application, and Prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Rituximab Therapy for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Iguratimod represses B cell terminal differentiation linked with the inhibition of PKC/EGR1 axis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2019Article
- Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- The multi-biomarker disease activity score tracks response to rituximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of three cohort studies.Arthritis research & therapy · 2018Article
- The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2018Review
- Reversing Autoimmunity Combination of Rituximab and Intravenous Immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Targeting B Cells and Plasma Cells in Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Humoral immunity to memory antigens and pathogens is maintained in patients with chronic kidney disease.PloS one · 2018Article
- Plasma cell survival in the absence of B cell memory.Nature communications · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionB-cell depletion has become a common treatment strategy in anti-TNF-refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the exact mechanism of how B-cell depletion leads to clinical amelioration in RA remains to be elucidated, repetitive treatment with B-cell-depleting agents leading to long-term B-cell depletion has been reported to be beneficial. The latter has led to the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of B-cell depletion might act through their influence on pathogenic autoreactive plasma cells.
methodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of a fixed retreatment regimen with anti-CD20 mAbs on the humoral (auto)immune system in a cohort of therapy-refractory RA patients.
resultsFixed retreatment led to long-term B-cell depletion in peripheral blood, bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, synovium. Also, pathologic autoantibody secretion (that is, anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs)) was more profoundly affected by long-term depletion than by physiological protective antibody secretion (that is, against measles, mumps and rubella). This was further illustrated by a significantly shorter estimated life span of ACPA-IgG secretion compared to total IgG secretion as well as protective antibody secretion.
conclusionBy studying plasma cell function during an extensive 2-year period of B-cell depletion, autoantibody secretion was significantly shorter-lived than physiologically protective antibody secretion. This suggests that the longevity of autoreactive plasma cells is different from protective long-lived plasma cells and might indicate a therapeutic window for therapies that target plasma cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.