ReviewFood and environmental virology2012
Critical review of norovirus surrogates in food safety research: rationale for considering volunteer studies.
Review in Food and environmental virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-Term Survival of Human Enteric Virus Surrogates (Murine Norovirus, Rhesus Rotavirus, and Porcine Sapovirus) in Bottled Drinking Water.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm and 222 nm in inactivating human noroviruses on surfaces.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Understanding biosafety practitioner perspectives.Politics and the life sciences : the journal of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences · 2026Article
- Persistence of norovirus in static and dynamic simulators of the human gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Virucidal Activity of Lemon Juice Against Feline Calicivirus, Surrogate of Norovirus.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light Systems for the Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Tulane Virus in Model Fluid Foods.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- A Cell-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Infectious Hepatitis A Virus.Biosensors · 2024Article
- PMAxx-RT-qPCR to Determine Human Norovirus Inactivation Following High-Pressure Processing of Oysters.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Leveraging Plasma-Activated Seawater for the Control of Human Norovirus and Bacterial Pathogens in Shellfish Depuration.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- In Vitro Antiviral and Virucidal Activity of Ozone against Feline Calicivirus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Bioaccumulation Dynamic by Crassostrea gigas Oysters of Viruses That Are Proposed as Surrogates for Enteric Virus Contamination in Environmental Samples.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Temperature Dependent Depuration of Norovirus GII and Tulane Virus from Oysters (Crassostrea gigas).Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Impact of Theaflavins-Enriched Tea Leaf Extract TY-1 against Surrogate Viruses of Human Norovirus: In Vitro Virucidal Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses by UV Light: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Viruses in fermented foods: are they good or bad? Two sides of the same coin.Food microbiology · 2021Review
- No Clinical Symptom Experienced after Consumption of Berry Fruits with Positive RT-qPCR Signals of Human Norovirus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Recovery of Infectious Human Norovirus GII.4 Sydney From FomitesFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in solution with Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant.Access microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inability to propagate human norovirus (NoV) or to clearly differentiate infectious from noninfectious virus particles has led to the use of surrogate viruses, like feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus-1 (MNV), which are propagatable in cell culture. The use of surrogates is predicated on the assumption that they generally mimic the viruses they represent; however, studies are proving this concept invalid. In direct comparisons between FCV and MNV, their susceptibility to temperatures, environmental and food processing conditions, and disinfectants are dramatically different. Differences have also been noted between the inactivation of NoV and its surrogates, thus questioning the validity of surrogates. Considerable research funding is provided globally each year to conduct surrogate studies on NoVs; however, there is little demonstrated benefit derived from these studies in regard to the development of virus inactivation techniques or food processing strategies. Human challenge studies are needed to determine which processing techniques are effective in reducing NoVs in foods. A major obstacle to clinical trials on NoVs is the perception that such trials are too costly and risky, but in reality, there is far more cost and risk in allowing millions of unsuspecting consumers to contract NoV illness each year, when practical interventions are only a few volunteer studies away. A number of clinical trials have been conducted, providing important insights into NoV inactivation. A shift in research priorities from surrogate research to volunteer studies is essential if we are to identify realistic, practical, and scientifically valid processing approaches to improve food safety.
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