ArticleMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement2012
Induced point mutations in the phytoene synthase 1 gene cause differences in carotenoid content during tomato fruit ripening.
Article in Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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41 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transcriptomic and Targeted Carotenoid Metabolomic Dissection of Pod Color Difference Between Wild Type and an EMS-Induced StableInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cultivar-Dependent Biosynthesis, Sustainable Recovery, and Industrial Applications of Tomato-Derived Carotenoids.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of preharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) spraying on delaying peel-color change and expression of carotenogenic genes in COScientific reports · 2026Article
- Lychee peel extract and chitosan synergistically delay mango ripening: Molecular insights.Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transcription Factor TeMADS6 Coregulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chlorophyll Degradation Resulting in Yellow-Green Petal Color of Marigold (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association mapping of tomato fruit quality for weight, firmness, brix, and color using GWAS.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Color Differences in Pomegranate (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Reveals the Mechanism of Fruit Color Change in Tomato (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Functional Characterization of the FirstMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Effects of different light intensity on leaf color changes in a Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Lutein Metabolism Contributed to Yellow Flower Formation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Roles of Two Phytoene Synthases and Orange Protein in Carotenoid Metabolism of the β-Carotene-AccumulatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Review
- Construction and analysis of a Noccaea caerulescens TILLING population.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- ClPIF3-ClHY5 Module RegulatesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes and Carotenoid Accumulation in Watercress (ACS omega · 2022Article
- Down-regulation ofFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- "Omics" insights into plastid behavior toward improved carotenoid accumulation.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Application of 5-aminolevulinic acid promotes ripening and accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in postharvest tomato fruit.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In tomato, carotenoids are important with regard to major breeding traits such as fruit colour and human health. The enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY1) directs metabolic flux towards carotenoid synthesis. Through TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes), we have identified two point mutations in the Psy1 gene. The first mutation is a knockout allele (W180*) and the second mutation leads to an amino acid substitution (P192L). Plants carrying the Psy1 knockout allele show fruit with a yellow flesh colour similar to the r, r mutant, with no further change in colour during ripening. In the line with P192L substitution, fruit remain yellow until 3 days post-breaker and eventually turn red. Metabolite profiling verified the absence of carotenoids in the W180* line and thereby confirms that PSY1 is the only enzyme introducing substrate into the carotenoid pathway in ripening fruit. More subtle effects on carotenoid accumulation were observed in the P192L line with a delay in lycopene and β-carotene accumulation clearly linked to a very slow synthesis of phytoene. The observation of lutein degradation with ripening in both lines showed that lutein and its precursors are still synthesised in ripening fruit. Gene expression analysis of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis revealed that expression levels of genes in the pathway are not feedback-regulated by low levels or absence of carotenoid compounds. Furthermore, protein secondary structure modelling indicated that the P192L mutation affects PSY1 activity through misfolding, leading to the low phytoene accumulation.
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