ArticleNeuro-oncology2012
Soluble factors secreted by glioblastoma cell lines facilitate recruitment, survival, and expansion of regulatory T cells: implications for immunotherapy.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Imbalance Between Tumor Immunosurveillance and Tumor Immune Escape in Glioblastoma.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Glioblastoma Progression and Treg-Mediated Immune Resistance.Cancers · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity of Glioma and Identifies IGFBP2 as A Potential Therapeutic Target.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma insights: Focus on crosstalk with the suppressive tumor microenvironment and advanced therapeutic strategies.Medicine · 2025Review
- CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and metastasis (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Unraveling Glioblastoma Heterogeneity: Advancing Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Innovations.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Tumor-infiltrating and circulating B cells mediate local and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Sequential immunotherapy and bevacizumab treatments in glioblastoma multiforme: A case series and review of the literature.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Brain microenvironment orchestrates highly aggressive tumor variants: current trends and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Identification of distinct profiles of glioblastoma through the immunocapture of extracellular vesicles from patient plasma.PloS one · 2025Article
- FGL2Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Tumor Expression of CD83 Reduces Glioma Progression and Is Associated with Reduced Immunosuppression.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Practical immunomodulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2024Review
- Review
- Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Combination of tumor antigen drainage and immune activation to promote a cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Brain regulatory T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In patients with glioma, the tumor microenvironment can significantly impact pro-inflammatory immune cell functions. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly defined. Because immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) are over represented in the tumor microenvironment compared with peripheral blood, we hypothesized that the tumor may have an effect on Treg survival, migration, expansion, and/or induction of a regulatory phenotype from non-Treg conventional CD4+ T cells. We defined the impact of soluble factors produced by tumor cells on Treg from healthy patients in vitro to determine mechanisms by which gliomas influence T cell populations. We found that tumor-derived soluble factors allowed for preferential proliferation and increased chemotaxis of Treg, compared with conventional T cells, indicating that these mechanisms may contribute to the increased Treg in the tumor microenvironment. Conventional T cells also exhibited a significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic transcripts in the presence of tumor-derived factors, indicating that survival of Treg in the tumor site is driven by exposure to soluble factors produced by the tumor. Together, these data suggest that tumor burden may induce increased Treg infiltration, proliferation, and survival, negating productive anti-tumor immune responses in patients treated with immunotherapies. Collectively, our data indicate that several mechanisms of Treg recruitment and retention in the tumor microenvironment exist and may need to be addressed to improve the specificity of immunotherapies seeking to eliminate Treg in patients with glioma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.