Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2012
Combining cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management to enhance their effects in treating cannabis dependence: less can be more, more or less.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of psychosocial interventions for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Do financial incentives increase mental health treatment engagement? A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Contingency management for treatment attendance: A meta-analysis.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions for female drug-using offenders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review of outcome domains and measures used in psychosocial and pharmacological treatment trials for cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Pooled it
- A scoping review and meta-analysis of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for cannabis and tobacco use among African Americans.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Pooled it
- A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.Preventive medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioral therapy: a meta-analysis of race and substance use outcomes.Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology · 2015Pooled it
- Contingency management is associated with positive changes in attitudes and reductions in cannabis use even after discontinuation of incentives among non-treatment seeking youth.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of zolpidem as a pharmacotherapy for cannabis use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Randomized Clinical Trial of Computerized and Clinician-Delivered CBT in Comparison With Standard Outpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Primary Within-Treatment and Follow-Up Outcomes.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Abstinence based incentives plus parent training for adolescent alcohol and other substance misuse.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Trial
- Effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of relapse in cannabis users.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Computer-assisted behavioral therapy and contingency management for cannabis use disorder.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- Gender differences in clinical outcomes for cocaine dependence: randomized clinical trials of behavioral therapy and disulfiram.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Cannabis abstinence during treatment and one-year follow-up: relationship to neural activity in men.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Pretreatment measures of brain structure and reward-processing brain function in cannabis dependence: an exploratory study of relationships with abstinence during behavioral treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo evaluate reciprocal enhancement (combining treatments to offset their relative weaknesses) as a strategy to improve cannabis treatment outcomes. Contingency management (CM) with reinforcement for homework completion and session attendance was used as a strategy to enhance cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) via greater exposure to skills training; CBT was used as a strategy to enhance durability of CM with rewards for abstinence.
settingCommunity-based out-patient treatment program in New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
designTwelve-week randomized clinical trial of four treatment conditions: CM for abstinence alone or combined with CBT, CBT alone or combined with CM with rewards for CBT session attendance and homework completion.
participantsA total of 127 treatment-seeking young adults (84.3% male, 81.1% minority, 93.7% referred by criminal justice system, average age 25.7 years). MEASUREMENTS: Weekly urine specimens testing positive for cannabis, days of cannabis use via the time-line follow-back method.
findingsWithin treatment, reinforcing homework and attendance did not significantly improve CBT outcomes, and the addition of CBT worsened outcomes when added to CM for abstinence (75.5 versus 57.1% cannabis-free urine specimens, F = 2.25, P = 0.02). The CM for abstinence condition had the lowest percentage of cannabis-negative urine specimens and the highest mean number of consecutive cannabis-free urine specimens (3.3, F = 2.33, P = 0.02). Attrition was higher in the CBT alone condition, but random effect regression analyses indicated this condition was associated with the greatest rate of change overall. Cannabis use during the 1-year follow-up increased most rapidly for the two enhanced groups.
conclusionsCombining contingency management and cognitive-behavioural therapy does not appear to improve success rates of treatment for cannabis dependence in clients involved with the criminal justice system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.