ArticlePloS one2012
Listeriolysin o is strongly immunogenic independently of its cytotoxic activity.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vibrio cholerae cytolysin induces pro-inflammatory and death signals through novel TLR assembly.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Story of Pore-Forming Proteins from Deadly Disease-Causing Agents to Modern Applications with Evolutionary Significance.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- RecombinantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Interaction of Macrophages and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins: The Impact on Immune Response and Cellular Survival.Toxins · 2020Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses duringMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Article
- High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2019Article
- Pharmacological Targeting of Pore-Forming Toxins as Adjunctive Therapy for Invasive Bacterial Infection.Toxins · 2018Review
- RecombinantProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Listeriolysin O: from bazooka to Swiss army knife.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017Review
- Listeria monocytogenes induces an interferon-enhanced activation of the integrated stress response that is detrimental for resolution of infection in mice.European journal of immunology · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the safety and adjuvant effect of a detoxified listeriolysin O mutant on the humoral response to dengue virus antigens.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Article
- The pancreas anatomy conditions the origin and properties of resident macrophages.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Plasticity of listeriolysin O pores and its regulation by pH and unique histidine [corrected].Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Biological effects of listeriolysin O: implications for vaccination.BioMed research international · 2015Review
- Apolipoprotein E mediation of neuro-inflammation in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2014Article
- Article
- Cellular vaccines in listeriosis: role of the Listeria antigen GAPDH.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2014Article
- Targeted cytolysins synergistically potentiate cytoplasmic delivery of gelonin immunotoxin.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2013Article
- Cutting edge: Conditional MHC class II expression reveals a limited role for B cell antigen presentation in primary and secondary CD4 T cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Role of pore-forming toxins in bacterial infectious diseases.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The presentation of microbial protein antigens by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules is essential for the development of acquired immunity to infections. However, most biochemical studies of antigen processing and presentation deal with a few relatively inert non-microbial model antigens. The bacterial pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is paradoxical in that it is cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations as well as being the source of dominant CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes following infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Here, we examined the relationship of LLO toxicity to its antigenicity and immunogenicity. LLO offered to antigen presenting cells (APC) as a soluble protein, was presented to CD4 T cells at picomolar to femtomolar concentrations- doses 3000-7000-fold lower than free peptide. This presentation required a dose of LLO below the cytotoxic level. Mutations of two key tryptophan residues reduced LLO toxicity by 10-100-fold but had no effect on its presentation to CD4 T cells. Thus there was a clear dissociation between the cytotoxic properties of LLO and its very high antigenicity. Presentation of LLO to CD8 T cells was not as robust as that seen in CD4 T cells, but still occurred in the nanomolar range. APC rapidly bound and internalized LLO, then disrupted endosomal compartments within 4 hours of treatment, allowing endosomal contents to access the cytosol. LLO was also immunogenic after in vivo administration into mice. Our results demonstrate the strength of LLO as an immunogen to both CD4 and CD8 T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.