Trial reportThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Critical role for antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in human macrophage survival and cellular IAP1/2 (cIAP1/2) in resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced apoptosis.
Trial report in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr possesses a cryptic p300-dependent transcription-promoting activity that is blocked by histone deacetylases in CD4+ T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- ATF4 Signaling in HIV-1 Infection: Viral Subversion of a Stress Response Transcription Factor.Biology · 2024Review
- Mcl-1 Protein and Viral Infections: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Noncanonical-NF-κB activation and DDX3 inhibition reduces the HIV-1 reservoir by elimination of latently infected cellsMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- The generation, activation, and polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages in human malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- HIV proviral genetic diversity, compartmentalization and inferred dynamics in lung and blood during long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- So Pathogenic or So What?-A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research.Viruses · 2022Review
- T cell-tropic HIV efficiently infects alveolar macrophages through contact with infected CD4+ T cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- ER stress-related molecules induced by Hantaan virus infection in differentiated THP-1 cells.Cell stress & chaperones · 2021Article
- SMAC Mimetics as Therapeutic Agents in HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Transfection of hard-to-transfect primary human macrophages withRNA biology · 2020Article
- Protein ArginineViruses · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Lymphocyte Regulated Cell Death.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Review
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma agonists exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in an EcoHIV mouse model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Impairs M1 Macrophage Differentiation and Contributes to CD8Cells · 2019Article
- The Role of Macrophages in HIV-1 Persistence and Pathogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are resistant to HIV cytopathic effects, which contributes to viral persistence and reservoir formation. HIV viral protein R (Vpr) is a potent apoptosis-inducing agent for primary monocytes. Because the biologically active Vpr is found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected patients, we investigated the apoptotic effect of Vpr on monocyte-derived macrophages and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated THP1 macrophages. Our results show that primary monocytes and THP1 cells develop resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis following differentiation into macrophages. To determine the effect of Vpr on the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, we show that in contrast to the undifferentiated cells, Vpr did not down-regulate the expression of antiapoptotic inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) and Bcl2 family members in macrophages, suggesting their involvement in resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis. However, knocking down Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins induced spontaneous apoptosis with no impact on susceptibility to Vpr-induced apoptosis. In contrast, down-regulation of cellular IAP1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2 by using siRNAs and SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) mimetic sensitized macrophages to Vpr-induced apoptosis. Overall, our results suggest that resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis is specifically mediated by cIAP1/2 genes independent of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, which play a key role in maintaining cell viability. Moreover, IAP modulation may be a potential strategy to eliminate HIV persistence in macrophages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.