ArticleDiabetes2012
GLUT4 and glycogen synthase are key players in bed rest-induced insulin resistance.
Article in Diabetes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of the Effect of In-Patient Exercise Training on Length of Hospitalization, Mental Health, and Physical Performance in Burned Patients
Effects of a Cocktail XXS-2A/Omega-3 on Insulin Sensitivity and Oxidative Stress During a 20-day Period of Physical Inactivity: a Controlled, Randomized Pilot Study on 20 Healthy Men
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anabolic Effects of Salbutamol Are Lost Upon Immobilization.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Trial
- Determinants of increased muscle insulin sensitivity of exercise-trained versus sedentary normal weight and overweight individuals.Science advances · 2025Trial
- Oral post-exercise garlic extract supplementation enhances glycogen replenishment but does not up-regulate mitochondria biogenesis mRNA expression in human-exercised skeletal muscle.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Four days of bed rest increases intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity in young healthy males.Physiological reports · 2018Trial
- Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest-Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Trial
- Effect of Pancreatic Hormones on pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Humans.EBioMedicine · 2017Trial
- Trial
- PlanHab: the combined and separate effects of 16 days of bed rest and normobaric hypoxic confinement on circulating lipids and indices of insulin sensitivity in healthy men.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2016Trial
- The effects of bed rest on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Daily blood flow restriction does not preserve muscle mass and strength during 2 weeks of bed rest.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Human skeletal muscle disuse atrophy has profound and negative effects on the muscle metabolome and lipidome.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Turning over new ideas in human skeletal muscle proteostasis: What do we know and where to from here?Experimental physiology · 2025Review
- Antidiabetic potential of fenugreek (Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Review
- Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Substrate metabolism in male astronauts onboard the International Space Station: the ENERGY study.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- The impact of forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Integration of dietary nutrition and TRIB3 action into diabetes mellitus.Nutrition reviews · 2024Review
- The impact of short-term forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind physical inactivity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, 12 young, healthy male subjects completed 7 days of bed rest with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies obtained before and after. In six of the subjects, muscle biopsies were taken from both legs before and after a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp performed 3 h after a 45-min, one-legged exercise. Blood samples were obtained from one femoral artery and both femoral veins before and during the clamp. Glucose infusion rate and leg glucose extraction during the clamp were lower after than before bed rest. This bed rest-induced insulin resistance occurred together with reduced muscle GLUT4, hexokinase II, protein kinase B/Akt1, and Akt2 protein level, and a tendency for reduced 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. The ability of insulin to phosphorylate Akt and activate glycogen synthase (GS) was reduced with normal GS site 3 but abnormal GS site 2+2a phosphorylation after bed rest. Exercise enhanced insulin-stimulated leg glucose extraction both before and after bed rest, which was accompanied by higher GS activity in the prior-exercised leg than the rested leg. The present findings demonstrate that physical inactivity-induced insulin resistance in muscle is associated with lower content/activity of key proteins in glucose transport/phosphorylation and storage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.