ArticleComparative and functional genomics2012
High Levels of Sequence Diversity in the 5' UTRs of Human-Specific L1 Elements.
Article in Comparative and functional genomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Locus-specific LINE-1 mRNA expression reflects cell-type- and stimulus-specific senescence states.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- LINE-1 Locus Transcription Nucleates Oncogenic Chromatin Architecture.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- LEMONmethyl-seq: Targeted long-read DNA methylation profiling reveals dynamics of CRISPR epigenome editing and endogenous DNA methylation patterns.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Regulation and function of transposable elements in cancer genomes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- A SINE-VNTR-Alu at the LRIG2 locus is associated with proximal and distal gene expression in CRISPR and population models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Widespread Exaptation of L1 Transposons for Transcription Factor Binding in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Dfam community resource of transposable element families, sequence models, and genome annotations.Mobile DNA · 2021Article
- Frequency and methylation status of selected retrotransposition competent L1 loci in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Molecular brain · 2020Article
- Successful Invasions of Short Internally Deleted Elements (SIDEs) and Its Partner CR1 in Lepidoptera Insects.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- A comprehensive analysis of the Baboon-specific full-length LINE-1 retrotransposons.Genes & genomics · 2019Article
- Transcription factor profiling reveals molecular choreography and key regulators of human retrotransposon expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- LINE-1 Hypermethylation in Serum Cell-Free DNA of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Approximately 80 long interspersed element (LINE-1 or L1) copies are able to retrotranspose actively in the human genome, and these are termed retrotransposition-competent L1s. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the human-specific L1 contains an internal promoter and several transcription factor binding sites. To better understand the effect of the L1 5' UTR on the evolution of human-specific L1s, we examined this population of elements, focusing on the sequence diversity and accumulated substitutions within their 5' UTRs. Using network analysis, we estimated the age of each L1 component (the 5' UTR, ORF1, ORF2, and 3' UTR). Through the comparison of the L1 components based on their estimated ages, we found that the 5' UTR of human-specific L1s accumulates mutations at a faster rate than the other components. To further investigate the L1 5' UTR, we examined the substitution frequency per nucleotide position among them. The results showed that the L1 5' UTRs shared relatively conserved transcription factor binding sites, despite their high sequence diversity. Thus, we suggest that the high level of sequence diversity in the 5' UTRs could be one of the factors controlling the number of retrotransposition-competent L1s in the human genome during the evolutionary battle between L1s and their host genomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.