ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2012
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, an RNA-binding protein, is required for optic axon regeneration in Xenopus laevis.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Widespread hnRNP K Mislocalisation Suggests Differential Neuronal Vulnerability in the Neurodegenerative and Ageing Human Brain.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2026Article
- Insights into the role of hnRNPK in spermatogenesis via the piRNA pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dual leucine zipper kinase is necessary for retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration inPNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Posttranscriptional regulation of neurofilament proteins and tau in health and disease.Brain research bulletin · 2023Review
- Use of gene therapy for optic nerve protection: Current concepts.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- A Monoclonal Anti-HMGB1 Antibody Attenuates Neurodegeneration in an Experimental Animal Model of Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Hif1α and Wnt are required for posterior gene expression during Xenopus tropicalis tail regeneration.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- Developmental and Injury-induced Changes in DNA Methylation in Regenerative versus Non-regenerative Regions of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The basic science of optic nerve regeneration.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Target-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deprivation Puts Retinal Ganglion Cells on Death Row: Cold Hard Evidence and Caveats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- The Retinal Ganglion Cell Transportome Identifies Proteins Transported to Axons and Presynaptic Compartments in the Visual System In Vivo.Cell reports · 2019Article
- Effect of NIR laser therapy by MLS-MiS source against neuropathic pain in rats: in vivo and ex vivo analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Review
- Optic nerve regeneration: A long view.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2019Review
- hnRNPs Interacting with mRNA Localization Motifs Define Axonal RNA Regulons.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2018Article
- Optic nerve regeneration in the mouse is a complex trait modulated by genetic background.Molecular vision · 2018Article
- Translational profiling of retinal ganglion cell optic nerve regeneration in Xenopus laevis.Developmental biology · 2017Article
- RNA-binding proteins in eye development and disease: implication of conserved RNA granule components.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Axotomized optic axons of Xenopus laevis, in contrast to those of mammals, retain their ability to regenerate throughout life. To better understand the molecular basis for this successful regeneration, we focused on the role of an RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K, because it is required for axonogenesis during development and because several of its RNA targets are under strong post-transcriptional control during regeneration. At 11 d after optic nerve crush, hnRNP K underwent significant translocation into the nucleus of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), indicating that the protein became activated during regeneration. To suppress its expression, we intravitreously injected an antisense Vivo-Morpholino oligonucleotide targeting hnRNP K. In uninjured eyes, it efficiently knocked down hnRNP K expression in only the RGCs, without inducing either an axotomy response or axon degeneration. After optic nerve crush, staining for multiple markers of regenerating axons showed no regrowth of axons beyond the lesion site with hnRNP K knockdown. RGCs nonetheless responded to the injury by increasing expression of multiple growth-associated RNAs and experienced no additional neurodegeneration above that normally seen with optic nerve injury. At the molecular level, hnRNP K knockdown during regeneration inhibited protein, but not mRNA, expression of several known hnRNP K RNA targets (NF-M, GAP-43) by compromising their efficient nuclear transport and disrupting their loading onto polysomes for translation. Our study therefore provides evidence of a novel post-transcriptional regulatory pathway orchestrated by hnRNP K that is essential for successful CNS axon regeneration.
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Registered trials
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