ReviewMetabolic brain disease2012
Synergistic tonic and phasic activity of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) arousal system is required for optimal attentional performance.
Review in Metabolic brain disease, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of emotional arousal on visual attentional performance: a systematic review.Psychological research · 2024Pooled it
- Beta receptor-mediated modulation of the oddball P3 but not error-related ERP components in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Beyond vigilance: A dual-process perspective on visual sustained attention.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Early life stress induces sex-specific changes in cognitive and affective behavior associated with disrupted noradrenergic physiology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Exploration vs. Exploitation in a Novel Complex Card Matching Task: Evidence from Pupillometry.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Arousal shapes motivation: an integrative framework for understanding motivational deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Fidgeting Increases Pupil Diameter During Auditory Processing in Young Healthy Adults.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in breast cancer: a neuroimmune model to improve quality of life.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Global and Selective Effects of Auditory Attention on Arousal: Insights From Pupil Dilation.Journal of cognition · 2026Article
- Norepinephrine-mediated arousal fluctuations drive inverted U-shaped functional connectivity dynamics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Maternal separation disrupts noradrenergic control of adult coping behaviors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Role of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Threat in Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Ultra-High-Field 7T Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Acetaminophen's Role in Autism and ADHD: A Mitochondrial Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A ventral pallidum-locus coeruleus-lateral hypothalamus pathway modulates brain arousal in freely behaving and isoflurane-anesthetized male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- NKCC1 inhibition improves sleep quality and EEG information content in a Down syndrome mouse model.iScience · 2025Article
- The Locus Coeruleus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Locus coeruleus co-activation patterns at rest show higher state persistence in patients with dissociative seizures: A Pilot Study.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Early life stress induced sex-specific changes in behavior is paralleled by altered locus coeruleus physiology in BALB/cJ mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Relationships between Sensory Processing and Executive Functions in Children with Combined ASD and ADHD Compared to Typically Developing and Single Disorder Groups.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Brainstem astrocytes regulate breathing and may affect arousal state in rats.Physiology & behavior · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A certain level of arousal is required for an individual to perform optimally, and the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a central role in optimizing arousal. Tonic firing of LC-NE neurons needs to be held within a narrow range of 1-3 Hz to facilitate phasic firing of the LC-NE neurons; these two modes of activity act synergistically, to allow the individual to perform attentional tasks optimally. How this information can be applied to further our understanding of psychiatric disorders has not been fully elucidated. Here we propose two models of altered LC-NE activity that result in attentional deficits characteristic of psychiatric disorders: 1) 'hypoaroused' individuals with e.g. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have decreased tonic firing of the LC-NE system, resulting in decreased cortical arousal and poor attentional performance and 2) 'hyperaroused' individuals with e.g. anxiety disorders have increased tonic firing of the LC-NE system, resulting in increased cortical arousal and impaired attentional performance. We argue that hypoarousal (decreased tonic firing of LC-NE neurons) and hyperarousal (increased tonic firing of LC-NE neurons) are suboptimal states in which phasic activity of LC-NE neurons is impeded. To further understand the neurobiology of attentional dysfunction in psychiatric disorders a translational approach that integrates findings on the LC-NE arousal system from animal models and human imaging studies may be useful.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
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