ArticleThe Journal of general virology2012
West Nile virus-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier in mice is characterized by the degradation of the junctional complex proteins and increase in multiple matrix metalloproteinases.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determination of Burn Size in Mouse Models of Burn Injury: A Scoping Review of Studies Leveraging Scald and Contact Burns.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2025Pooled it
- Differential effects of Tat proteins derived from HIV-1 subtypes B and recombinant CRF02_AG on human brain microvascular endothelial cells: implications for blood-brain barrier dysfunction.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2014Trial
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- Differential properties of NS1 glycoproteins in West Nile and Usutu viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- A conserved E1 stem motif functions as a virulence switch in the emerging Getah virus.Virulence · 2026Article
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of a human blood-brain barrier model in the absence of infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- The C5a-C5aR1 axis facilitates blood-brain barrier disruption induced by EV-A71 infection through neutrophil activation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Brain endothelial cells orchestrate a neuroprotective antiviral state in the CNS in response to peripheral viral pattern sensing.Immunity · 2026Article
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- Interplay between flaviviruses and the interferon response: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tembusu virus neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis: lessons from blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurotropic flaviviruses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Pathogenic breaches: how viruses compromise blood-tissue barriers.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- Characterization of virus neuroinvasion, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation following Powassan virus infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Powassan virus.Virulence · 2025Review
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- West Nile virus vaccine candidates attenuated by dinucleotide enrichment are immunogenic and protective against lethal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- A novel function of RHOA as a host-dependent factor in Glaesserella parasuis infection of LLC-PK1 cells.Veterinary research · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis is characterized by neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. However, the mechanisms associated with the BBB disruption are unclear. Complex interactions between the tight junction proteins (TJP) and the adherens junction proteins (AJP) of the brain microvascular endothelial cells are responsible for maintaining the BBB integrity. Herein, we characterized the relationship between the BBB disruption and expression kinetics of key TJP, AJP and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the mice brain. A dramatic increase in the BBB permeability and extravasation of IgG was observed at later time points of the central nervous system (CNS) infection and did not precede virus-CNS entry. WNV-infected mice exhibited significant reduction in the protein levels of the TJP ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin and JAM-A, and AJP β-catenin and vascular endothelial cadherin, which correlated with increased levels of MMP-1, -3 and -9 and infiltrated leukocytes in the brain. Further, intracranial inoculation of WNV also demonstrated increased extravasation of IgG in the brain, suggesting the role of virus replication in the CNS in BBB disruption. These data suggest that altered expression of junction proteins is a pathological event associated with WNV infection and may explain the molecular basis of BBB disruption. We propose that WNV initially enters CNS without altering the BBB integrity and later virus replication in the brain initiates BBB disruption, allowing enhanced infiltration of immune cells and contribute to virus neuroinvasion via the 'Trojan-horse' route. These data further implicate roles of multiple MMPs in the BBB disruption and strategies to interrupt this process may influence the WNV disease outcome.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.