ArticleJournal of virology2012
Superinfection exclusion is an active virus-controlled function that requires a specific viral protein.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in phage-host interaction prediction: in silico method enhances the development of phage therapies.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Pooled it
- Superinfection Exclusion Between Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotypes I and III Occurs During Viral Entry.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- A newly developed eGFP-traceable recombinant rhesus lymphocryptovirus, a tool to study viral infection and replicationJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Temperature-modulated persistent dsRNA phage infection selectively excludes superinfection and promotes generation of new viral variants.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Molecular regulators of regeneration and strategies for overcoming genotype-dependent recalcitrance in wheat (Triticum aestivum).Communications biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Prophage diversity in poultry-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Infant gut anellovirus composition associates with early life factors and childhood atopic disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Potyvirus HcPro Suppressor of RNA Silencing Induces PVY Superinfection Exclusion in a Strain-Specific Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The citrus tristeza virus p33 protein functions as a viroporin.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The Viral AlphaFold Database of monomers and homodimers reveals conserved protein folds in viruses of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Identification of the Matrix Protein as a Conserved and Central Determinant of Superinfection Exclusion in Plant Rhabdoviruses.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Autophagy-mediated downregulation of AXL and TIM-1 promotes sustained Zika virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Exploring sub-species variation in food microbiomes: a roadmap to reveal hidden diversity and functional potential.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Alphavirus nsP2: A Multifunctional Regulator of Viral Replication and Promising Target for Anti-Alphavirus Therapies.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Provirus deletion frommicroLife · 2025Article
- High-throughput virome profiling reveals complex viral diversity, co-infection patterns, and novel viruses inFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Insect-specific viruses: transmission dynamics and biological control strategies against arboviruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Giant viruses inhibit superinfection by downregulating phagocytosis inJournal of virology · 2024Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Superinfection exclusion, a phenomenon in which a preexisting viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus, has been described for various viruses, including important pathogens of humans, animals, and plants. The phenomenon was initially used to test the relatedness of plant viruses. Subsequently, purposeful infection with a mild isolate has been implemented as a protective measure against virus isolates that cause severe disease. In the medical and veterinary fields, superinfection exclusion was found to interfere with repeated applications of virus-based vaccines to individuals with persistent infections and with the introduction of multicomponent vaccines. In spite of its significance, our understanding of this phenomenon is surprisingly incomplete. Recently, it was demonstrated that superinfection exclusion of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a positive-sense RNA closterovirus, occurs only between isolates of the same strain, but not between isolates of different strains of the virus. In this study, I show that superinfection exclusion by CTV requires production of a specific viral protein, the p33 protein. Lack of the functional p33 protein completely eliminated the ability of the virus to exclude superinfection by the same or a closely related virus. Remarkably, the protein appeared to function only in a homology-dependent manner. A cognate protein from a heterologous strain failed to confer the exclusion, suggesting the existence of precise interactions of the p33 protein with other factors involved in this complex phenomenon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.