Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22396901›Full record

ArticleScientia pharmaceutica

Iontophoresis: a potential emergence of a transdermal drug delivery system.

Vinod Dhote, Punit Bhatnagar, Pradyumna K Mishra, Suresh C Mahajan, Dinesh K Mishra

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientia pharmaceutica. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03606980 (Iontophoresis With Dexamethasone in Combination With Physical Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed With Apophysitis of the Knee), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03606980 phase2terminatednot on this map

Iontophoresis With Dexamethasone in Combination With Physical Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed With Apophysitis of the Knee: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorChildren's Health System, Inc.Ran2018 to 2023Enrolled45ConditionsApophysitis, JuvenileArmsDexamethasone Sodium Phosphate, Iontophoresis, Physical Therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Wearable disposable electrotherapy.Nature communications · 2025
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  16. Miniaturized, portable gustation interfaces for VR/AR/MR.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vinod DhoteMahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, M. P., India.
Punit Bhatnagar
Pradyumna K Mishra
Suresh C Mahajan
Dinesh K Mishra

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The delivery of drugs into systemic circulation via skin has generated much attention during the last decade. Transdermal therapeutic systems propound controlled release of active ingredients through the skin and into the systemic circulation in a predictive manner. Drugs administered through these systems escape first-pass metabolism and maintain a steady state scenario similar to a continuous intravenous infusion for up to several days. However, the excellent impervious nature of the skin offers the greatest challenge for successful delivery of drug molecules by utilizing the concepts of iontophoresis. The present review deals with the principles and the recent innovations in the field of iontophoretic drug delivery system together with factors affecting the system. This delivery system utilizes electric current as a driving force for permeation of ionic and non-ionic medications. The rationale behind using this technique is to reversibly alter the barrier properties of skin, which could possibly improve the penetration of drugs such as proteins, peptides and other macromolecules to increase the systemic delivery of high molecular weight compounds with controlled input kinetics and minimum inter-subject variability. Although iontophoresis seems to be an ideal candidate to overcome the limitations associated with the delivery of ionic drugs, further extrapolation of this technique is imperative for translational utility and mass human application.

Indexed as

Drug deliveryIontophoresisTransdermal therapeutic systemTranslational research

Identifiers

PMID22396901
PMCPMC3293348

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.