ArticleDiabetes2012
Glycotoxin and autoantibodies are additive environmentally determined predictors of type 1 diabetes: a twin and population study.
Article in Diabetes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2019Trial
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus prevention: present and future.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictive markers for diabetes mellitus in children with a family history of diabetes.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- Alpha cell receptor for advanced glycation end products associate with glucagon expression in type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Short Duration Alagebrium Chloride Therapy Prediabetes Does Not Inhibit Progression to Autoimmune Diabetes in an Experimental Model.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Plasma Catestatin Levels and Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients on Hemodialysis.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Similarities and Differences Between HFmrEF and HFpEF.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Visceral Adipose Tissue: A New Target Organ in Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Targeting Glycoproteins as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus and its complications.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- Article
- On type 1 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.Endocrine connections · 2018Review
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis.Current diabetes reports · 2016Review
- The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Potential Role in Cardiometabolic Disease in Children.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2016Review
- Heritability of thyroid peroxidase autoantibody levels in type 1 diabetes: evidence from discordant twin pairs.Diabetologia · 2015Article
- Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and diabetes: cause, effect, or both?Current diabetes reports · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, diabetes-associated autoantibodies, including islet cell antibodies (ICAs), reflect adaptive immunity, while increased serum N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, is associated with proinflammation. We assessed whether serum CML and autoantibodies predicted type 1 diabetes and to what extent they were determined by genetic or environmental factors. Of 7,287 unselected schoolchildren screened, 115 were ICA(+) and were tested for baseline CML and diabetes autoantibodies and followed (for median 7 years), whereas a random selection (n = 2,102) had CML tested. CML and diabetes autoantibodies were determined in a classic twin study of twin pairs discordant for type 1 diabetes (32 monozygotic, 32 dizygotic pairs). CML was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, autoantibodies were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation, ICA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, and HLA class II genotyping was determined by sequence-specific oligonucleotides. CML was increased in ICA(+) and prediabetic schoolchildren and in diabetic and nondiabetic twins (all P < 0.001). Elevated levels of CML in ICA(+) children were a persistent, independent predictor of diabetes progression, in addition to autoantibodies and HLA risk. In twins model fitting, familial environment explained 75% of CML variance, and nonshared environment explained all autoantibody variance. Serum CML, a glycotoxin, emerged as an environmentally determined diabetes risk factor, in addition to autoimmunity and HLA genetic risk, and a potential therapeutic target.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.