Trial reportInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
The clinical differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis: a photographic survey.
Trial report in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of artificial intelligence model for infectious keratitis classification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Adjuvant Corneal Cross-linking in the Management of Infectious Keratitis: An OCT-Based Assessment Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Exogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis: Clinical Features, Treatment Modalities, and Visual Outcomes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Effective automatic classification methods via deep learning for multi-type infectious keratitis diagnosis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Bacterial and fungal pathogen profiling in infective keratitis: a multimodal diagnostic approach.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Clinical and microbiological profile of patients with fungal keratitis demonstrating unusual yeast-like structures in potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white preparation of corneal scraping.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Enhanced Detection of Bacterial Ocular Pathogens: A Comparative Study of Broad-Range Real-Time PCR and Conventional Culture Methods.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis: epidemiology and outcomes over 6 years in a French eye care center.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of microbial keratitis using smartphone-captured images; a deep-learning model.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Diagnostic performance of deep learning for infectious keratitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Deep learning for multi-type infectious keratitis diagnosis: A nationwide, cross-sectional, multicenter study.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics in aMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Microbial keratitis and its management at a rural centre: achieving success with limited resources.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Real-time line-field optical coherence tomography for cellular resolution imaging of biological tissue.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- From Clinical Suspicion to Diagnosis: A Review of Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges in Fungal Keratitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Application of Deep Learning Algorithms Based on the Multilayer Y0L0v8 Neural Network to Identify Fungal Keratitis.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2024Article
- Fungal Keratitis: Diagnosis, Management, and Recent Advances.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Corneal ring infiltrate- far more than Acanthamoeba keratitis: review of pathophysiology, morphology, differential diagnosis and management.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2023Review
- Assessing the Impact of Image Quality on Deep Learning Classification of Infectious Keratitis.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical signs of infectious keratitis can be used to identify the causative organism.
methodsEighty photographs of eyes with culture-proven bacterial keratitis or smear-proven fungal keratitis were randomly selected from 2 clinical trials. Fifteen cornea specialists from the F. I. Proctor Foundation and the Aravind Eye Care System assessed the photographs for prespecified clinical signs of keratitis, and they identified the most likely causative organism.
resultsClinicians were able to correctly distinguish bacterial from fungal etiology 66% of the time (P < 0.001). The Gram stain, genus, and species were accurately predicted 46%, 25%, and 10% of the time, respectively. The presence of an irregular/feathery border was associated with fungal keratitis, whereas a wreath infiltrate or an epithelial plaque was associated with bacterial keratitis.
conclusionsCornea specialists correctly differentiated bacterial from fungal keratitis more often than chance, but in fewer than 70% of cases. More specific categorization led to less successful clinical distinction. Although certain clinical signs of infectious keratitis may be associated with a bacterial or fungal etiology, this study highlights the importance of obtaining appropriate microbiological testing during the initial clinical encounter.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.