ArticlePloS one2012
Characterizing RecA-independent induction of Shiga toxin2-encoding phages by EDTA treatment.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
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- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Differences in the Shiga Toxin (Stx) 2a Phage Regulatory Switch Region Influence Stx2 Localization and Virulence of Stx-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Induction mechanisms and strategies underlying interprophage competition during polylysogeny.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Phage production is blocked in the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 upon macrophage infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Influence of cheese making process on STEC bacteriophage release.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Influence of temperature and pH on induction of Shiga toxinFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Shiga-toxin encoding gene transduction from O80:H2 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on non-STEC strains.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Characterization of a New TemperatePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Extensive antimicrobial resistance mobilization via multicopy plasmid encapsidation mediated by temperate phages.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Article
- The Virulence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Pathogenomes of Atypical Non-shigatoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Characterization of the Mode of Action of Aurodox, a Type III Secretion System Inhibitor from Streptomyces goldiniensis.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Prediction, Diversity, and Genomic Analysis of Temperate Phages Induced From Shiga Toxin-ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Inhibition of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage development by novel antioxidant compounds.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2018Article
- Modulation of EnterohaemorrhagicMicroorganisms · 2018Review
- Molecular Mechanisms Governing "Hair-Trigger" Induction of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Prophages.Viruses · 2018Article
- Relevance of Bacteriophage 933W in the Development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe bacteriophage life cycle has an important role in Shiga toxin (Stx) expression. The induction of Shiga toxin-encoding phages (Stx phages) increases toxin production as a result of replication of the phage genome, and phage lysis of the host cell also provides a means of Stx toxin to exit the cell. Previous studies suggested that prophage induction might also occur in the absence of SOS response, independently of RecA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe influence of EDTA on RecA-independent Stx2 phage induction was assessed, in laboratory lysogens and in EHEC strains carrying Stx2 phages in their genome, by Real-Time PCR. RecA-independent mechanisms described for phage λ induction (RcsA and DsrA) were not involved in Stx2 phage induction. In addition, mutations in the pathway for the stress response of the bacterial envelope to EDTA did not contribute to Stx2 phage induction. The effect of EDTA on Stx phage induction is due to its chelating properties, which was also confirmed by the use of citrate, another chelating agent. Our results indicate that EDTA affects Stx2 phage induction by disruption of the bacterial outer membrane due to chelation of Mg(2+). In all the conditions evaluated, the pH value had a decisive role in Stx2 phage induction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Chelating agents, such as EDTA and citrate, induce Stx phages, which raises concerns due to their frequent use in food and pharmaceutical products. This study contributes to our understanding of the phenomenon of induction and release of Stx phages as an important factor in the pathogenicity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and in the emergence of new pathogenic strains.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.