Trial reportEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2012
Neuroprotective therapy using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for acute spinal cord injury: a phase I/IIa clinical trial.
Trial report in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- An updated systematic review of neuroprotective agents in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Experimental Strategies Aimed at Improving Motor Function after Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2016Pooled it
- Randomized trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for spinal cord injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Trial
- Neuroprotective therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in acute spinal cord injury: a comparison with high-dose methylprednisolone as a historical control.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2015Trial
- Lost in translation: why pharmacological trials keep failing in acute spinal cord injury.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Review
- Potential Pharmacologic Treatments in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2025Review
- Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in functional outcome of acute spinal cord injury patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Advances and New Therapies in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Regeneration and Plasticity Induced by Epidural Stimulation in a Rodent Model of Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Bridging the gap: a translational perspective in spinal cord injury.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Improves Neurological and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Effect of multifactorial therapeutic approach on axonal regeneration and cell viability in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury.Cell and tissue banking · 2023Article
- A review of regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury using human iPS cells.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Neurogenic marker expression in differentiating human adipose derived adult mesenchymal stem cells.Stem cell investigation · 2023Article
- Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance.Bone research · 2022Review
- Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Therapeutic repair for spinal cord injury: combinatory approaches to address a multifaceted problem.EMBO molecular medicine · 2020Review
- Current advancements in the management of spinal cord injury: A comprehensive review of literature.Surgical neurology international · 2020Review
- Regenerative Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that is clinically used to treat neutropenia. G-CSF also has non-hematopoietic functions and could potentially be used to treat neuronal injury. To confirm the safety and feasibility of G-CSF administration for acute spinal cord injury (SCI), we have initiated a phase I/IIa clinical trial of neuroprotective therapy using G-CSF.
methodsThe trial included a total of 16 SCI patients within 48 h of onset. In the first step, G-CSF (5 μg/kg/day) was intravenously administered for 5 consecutive days to 5 patients. In the second step, G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) was similarly administered to 11 patients. We evaluated motor and sensory functions of patients using the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) score and ASIA impairment scale (AIS) grade.
resultsIn all 16 patients, neurological improvement was obtained after G-CSF administration. AIS grade increased by one step in 9 of 16 patients. A significant increase in ASIA motor scores was detected 1 day after injection (P < 0.01), and both light touch and pin prick scores improved 2 days after injection (P < 0.05) in the 10 μg group. No severe adverse effects were observed after G-CSF injection.
conclusionThese results indicate that intravenous administration of G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) for 5 days is essentially safe, and suggest that some neurological recovery may occur in most patients. We suggest that G-CSF administration could be therapeutic for patients with acute SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.