ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2012
Ex vivo expansion of human Tregs by rabbit ATG is dependent on intact STAT3-signaling in CD4⁺ T cells and requires the presence of monocytes.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of anti-thymocyte globulin in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Differential Clinical and Immunological Impacts of Anti-T-Lymphocyte Globulin (ATLG) vs. Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) in Preventing Graft-Versus-Host Disease Post-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Comparative Study.American journal of hematology · 2025Trial
- Induction of Clinical Operational Tolerance Through Immunosuppression Minimization: Less Is More?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- The predictive value of Naples prognostic score for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanisms and Effects of Macrophage Polarization and Its Specifics in Pulmonary Environment.Physiological research · 2023Review
- Antithymocyte Globulin Inhibits CD8Cells · 2023Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are bound and inhibited by anti-thymocyte globulin.Innate immunity · 2019Article
- The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Review
- Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells Suppress T Cell Activation inFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Article
- Cell Therapy in Kidney Transplantation: Focus on Regulatory T Cells.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Review
- Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tregs to Improve Transplant Outcomes: The Promise and the Stumbling Blocks.Current transplantation reports · 2016Article
- Regulatory T Cell Infusion Can Enhance Memory T Cell and Alloantibody Responses in Lymphodepleted Nonhuman Primate Heart Allograft Recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2016Article
- Sequential monitoring and stability of ex vivo-expanded autologous and nonautologous regulatory T cells following infusion in nonhuman primates.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2015Article
- Haploidentical SCT: the mechanisms underlying the crossing of HLA barriers.Bone marrow transplantation · 2014Review
- Immunological priming requires regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing macrophages to accelerate resolution from severe lung inflammation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Flow cytometry and solid organ transplantation: a perfect match.Immunological investigations · 2014Review
- Prolonged, low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin, combined with CTLA4-Ig, promotes engraftment in a stringent transplant model.PloS one · 2013Article
- Regulatory T cell induction, migration, and function in transplantation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The addition of low, nondepleting doses of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been shown to expand functional CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. This report is the first to elucidate the exact cellular mechanisms of ATG-mediated Treg expansion. CD4(+) T cells require monocytes, but not other antigen presenting cell subsets, to be present in coculture to expand Tregs. However, T cells do not require direct cell-cell contact with monocytes, suggesting the importance of soluble factors. Moreover, ATG initially "reprograms" CD4(+) T cells, but not monocytes, and induces STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in CD4(+) cells. These reprogrammed CD4(+) T cells subsequently secrete GM-CSF and IL-10 only in case of intact STAT3 signaling, which in turn promote the generation of tolerogenic CD14(+) CD11c(+) dendritic cells characterized by enhanced IL-10 and decreased IL-12 production. Treg expansion following ATG treatment is accompanied by enhanced gene expression of both GM-CSF and Bcl-2, but not TGF-β, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that ex vivo expansion of human Tregs by ATG is due to its ability to reprogram CD4(+) T cells in a STAT3-dependent but TGF-β-independent manner, leading to the generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with a tolerogenic cytokine profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.