SynthesisEnvironmental health perspectives2012
Is pesticide use related to Parkinson disease? Some clues to heterogeneity in study results.
Synthesis in Environmental health perspectives, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the Association of Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Pesticide exposure and the development of Parkinson disease: a systematic review of Brazilian studies.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Solvents and Parkinson disease: a systematic review of toxicological and epidemiological evidence.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2013Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease.Annals of neurology · 2012Pooled it
- Challenges and pitfalls in analyzing, reporting, and interpreting health effects related to occupational and environmental exposures.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Risk of Parkinson disease according to metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: an analysis of data from the National Health Insurance-National Sample Cohort.Epidemiology and health · 2026Article
- Environmental toxins in neurodegeneration - a narrative review.Neurological research and practice · 2025Review
- Effects of endocrine disruptors on the neurological system.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Update: Protective and risk factors for Parkinson disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Review
- The Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in Poland: Regional and Sex-Related Differences.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Contribution of Solar Radiation and Pollution to Parkinson's Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Pesticides and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Convergent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures.Environment international · 2023Article
- Impact of occupational pesticide exposure assessment method on risk estimates for prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Parkinson's disease: results of three meta-analyses.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- A critical role for GM1 ganglioside in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of Parkinson's disease.Glycoconjugate journal · 2022Review
- A Critical Analysis of Intestinal Enteric Neuron Loss and Constipation in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.Toxins · 2021Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious systematic reviews have indicated that pesticide exposure is possibly associated with Parkinson disease (PD). However, considerable heterogeneity has been observed in study results.
objectiveWe aimed at providing an update of the literature published on PD and exposure to pesticides by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, we investigated whether methodological differences between studies could explain the heterogeneity in study results.
methodsWe identified studies through a systematic literature search. We calculated summary risk ratios (sRRs) for pesticide exposure and subcategories using random effects meta-analyses and investigated sources of heterogeneity by meta-regression and stratified analyses.
resultsThirty-nine case-control studies, four cohort studies, and three cross-sectional studies were identified. An sRR of 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40, 1.88] for pesticide exposure (ever vs. never) was found. Summary estimates for subclasses of pesticides indicated a positive association with herbicides and insecticides, but not with fungicides. Heterogeneity in individual study results was not related to study design, source of control population, adjustment of results for potential confounders, or geographical area. However, results were suggestive for heterogeneity related to differences in the exposure assessment. Job title-based exposure assignment resulted in a higher sRR (2.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.1) than did assignment based on self-reported exposure (e.g., for self-reported ever/never exposure, sRR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.8).
conclusionsThis review affirms the evidence that exposure to herbicides and insecticides increase the risk of PD. Future studies should focus on more objective and improved methods of pesticide exposure assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.