ArticleCurrent genetics2012
Hydrophobin genes of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, are differentially expressed and corresponding mutants are decreased in virulence.
Article in Current genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Biological Roles of Class II Hydrophobins at the Cell Wall of Filamentous Ascomycetes.Journal of basic microbiology · 2026Review
- Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fungal Hydrophobins: Taxonomic Distribution, Functional Roles, Physicochemical Properties, and Biotechnological Applications.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracting Protoplasts from Filamentous Fungi Using Extralyse, An Enzyme Used in the Wine Industry.Current protocols · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the interplay between polyketide biosynthesis and other secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters and biological pathways in entomopathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Topical Infection of Cordyceps militaris in Silkworm Larvae Through the Cuticle has Lower Infectivity Compared to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- The Forkhead Box Gene,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Performance of3 Biotech · 2024Article
- Filtration effect ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- General aspects, host interaction, and application ofFrontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
- AVirulence · 2023Article
- Efficacy of genetically transformedSaudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization and bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic Beauveria associated with cuticle-degrading enzymes to restrain sucking pest Bemisia tabaci.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Hydrophobin, Sa-HFB1, with Antifungal Activity from an Alkaliphilic Fungus,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions betweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Discovery of entomopathogenic fungi across geographical regions in southern China on pine sawyer beetleFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Hydrophobin CmHYD1 Is Involved in Conidiation, Infection and Primordium Formation, and Regulated by GATA Transcription Factor CmAreA in Edible Fungus,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cysteine-Rich Hydrophobin Gene Family: Genome Wide Analysis, Phylogeny and Transcript Profiling inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Screening and Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small, cysteine-rich, secreted proteins, ubiquitously produced by filamentous fungi that are speculated to function in fungal growth, cell surface properties, and development, although this has been rigorously tested for only a few species. Herein, we report identification of three hydrophobin genes from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, and functional characterization of strains lacking these genes. One gene (HYD1/ssgA) encodes a class I hydrophobin identified previously. Two new genes, HYD3 and HYD2, encode a class I and class II hydrophobin, respectively. To examine function, we deleted all three separately, from the M. brunneum strain KTU-60 genome, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Deletion strains were screened for alterations in developmental phenotypes including growth, sporulation, pigmentation, colony surface properties, and virulence to insects. All deletion strains were reduced in their ability to sporulate and showed alterations in wild-type pigmentation, but all retained wild-type hydrophobicity, except for one individual hyd3 mutant. Complementation with the wild-type HYD3 gene restored hydrophobicity. Each gene, present as a single copy in the genome, showed differential expression patterns dependent on the developmental stage of the fungus. When Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae were treated with either conidia or blastospores of each hyd mutant, reductions in virulence and delayed mortality were observed as compared to WT. Together, these results suggest that hydrophobins are differentially expressed and may have distinct, but compensating roles, in conidiation, pigmentation, hydrophobicity, and virulence.
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