Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22387996›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2012

Mutations in axonemal dynein assembly factor DNAAF3 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Hannah M Mitchison, Miriam Schmidts, Niki T Loges, Judy Freshour, Athina Dritsoula, Rob A Hirst, Christopher O'Callaghan, Hannah Blau, Maha Al Dabbagh, Heike Olbrich and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
17.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 279 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
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  5. Article
  6. Identification of a NovelCase reports in genetics · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Cotranslational molecular condensation of cochaperones and assembly factors facilitates axonemal dynein biogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. The methylome of motile cilia.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Methylation of ciliary dynein motors involves the essential cytosolic assembly factor DNAAF3/PF22.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article

97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.

Hannah M MitchisonMolecular Medicine Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK. h.mitchison@ucl.ac.uk
Miriam Schmidts
Niki T Loges
Judy Freshour
Athina Dritsoula
Rob A Hirst
Christopher O'Callaghan
Hannah Blau
Maha Al Dabbagh
Heike Olbrich
Philip L Beales
Toshiki Yagi
Huda Mussaffi
Eddie M K Chung
Heymut Omran
David R Mitchell
University College London · GBUniversity Hospital Münster · DESUNY Upstate Medical University · USUniversity of Leicester · GBKing Fahd Armed Forces Hospital · SASchneider Children's Medical Center · ILTel Aviv University · ILThe University of Tokyo · JP

Funding

MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FLAGELLAR DYNEINSR01GM044228 · NIGMS · UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY · PI MITCHELL, DAVID R · 1990 to 2013
$3.6M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM044228NIGMS NIH HHS R01-GM044228Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Primary ciliary dyskinesia most often arises from loss of the dynein motors that power ciliary beating. Here we show that DNAAF3 (also known as PF22), a previously uncharacterized protein, is essential for the preassembly of dyneins into complexes before their transport into cilia. We identified loss-of-function mutations in the human DNAAF3 gene in individuals from families with situs inversus and defects in the assembly of inner and outer dynein arms. Knockdown of dnaaf3 in zebrafish likewise disrupts dynein arm assembly and ciliary motility, causing primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes that include hydrocephalus and laterality malformations. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PF22 is exclusively cytoplasmic, and a PF22-null mutant cannot assemble any outer and some inner dynein arms. Altered abundance of dynein subunits in mutant cytoplasm suggests that DNAAF3 (PF22) acts at a similar stage as other preassembly proteins, for example, DNAAF2 (also known as PF13 or KTU) and DNAAF1 (also known as ODA7 or LRRC50), in the dynein preassembly pathway. These results support the existence of a conserved, multistep pathway for the cytoplasmic formation of assembly competent ciliary dynein complexes.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceAnimalsAxonemal DyneinsBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceChlamydomonas reinhardtiiCiliaCytoplasmFemaleHumansKartagener SyndromeMaleMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataMutationPedigreeAxonemal DyneinsBacterial ProteinsDNAAF3 protein, humanMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsZebrafish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22387996
PMCPMC3315610
OpenAlexW2055280361

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.