ArticleImmunity2012
B cell maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages protects against a fatal viral infection independent of adaptive immunity.
Article in Immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of tofacitinib on lymphocyte sub-populations, CMV and EBV viral load in patients with plaque psoriasis.BMC dermatology · 2015Trial
- Lymphotoxin-LIGHT pathway regulates the interferon signature in rheumatoid arthritis.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Naringin promotes cancer immunity by inducing cross-presentation by antigen-presenting cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- CSF1R-dependent CD169-positive macrophages locally constrain melanoma growth in the skin.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Role of myeloid cells expressing CD169/Siglec-1 in host-pathogen interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- B cells are not drivers of stromal cell activation during acute CNS infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Exploring CD169Vaccines · 2025Review
- Viral Infection and Dissemination Through the Lymphatic System.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Modulation of Lymphotoxin β Surface Expression by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K3 Through Glycosylation Interference.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge conferred by prior infection or vaccination.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Lymph node macrophages drive innate immune responses to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of mRNA vaccines.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Homeostatic Functions of Tissue-Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Tissue Maintenance.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and characteristics of subcapsular sinus macrophages in tumor immunity: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2023Review
- Exploring the Molecular Basis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pathogenesis in Swine: Insights from Expression Profiling of Primary Macrophages Infected with M51R Mutant Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination-lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Mucosal plasma cells are required to protect the upper airway and brain from infection.Immunity · 2022Article
- Single cell profiling of CD45Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- CD169European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Recycling of memory B cells between germinal center and lymph node subcapsular sinus supports affinity maturation to antigenic drift.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Infection-induced lymphatic zippering restricts fluid transport and viral dissemination from skin.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies have been thought to be required for protection against acutely cytopathic viruses, such as the neurotropic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Utilizing mice that possess B cells but lack antibodies, we show here that survival upon subcutaneous (s.c.) VSV challenge was independent of neutralizing antibody production or cell-mediated adaptive immunity. However, B cells were absolutely required to provide lymphotoxin (LT) α1β2, which maintained a protective subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophage phenotype within virus draining lymph nodes (LNs). Macrophages within the SCS of B cell-deficient LNs, or of mice that lack LTα1β2 selectively in B cells, displayed an aberrant phenotype, failed to replicate VSV, and therefore did not produce type I interferons, which were required to prevent fatal VSV invasion of intranodal nerves. Thus, although B cells are essential for survival during VSV infection, their contribution involves the provision of innate differentiation and maintenance signals to macrophages, rather than adaptive immune mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.