ArticleThe Journal of rheumatology2012
Differences between male and female systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic population.
Article in The Journal of rheumatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of race and ethnicity with mortality in adults with SLE: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Sex hormones affect the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Contribution of Sex and Autoantibodies to Microangiopathy Assessed by Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Arthritis care & research · 2021Pooled it
- The Importance of Sex Stratification in Autoimmune Disease Biomarker Research: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A nomogram predicting the histologic activity of lupus nephritis from clinical parameters.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Trial
- Sex-based differences in clinical phenotype and damage accrual among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- No Differences in Malnutrition Status and Prognostic Nutrition Index Between Female Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Neutropenia and Lymphopenia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Distinct Phenotypes and Associated Factors in a Saudi Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diversity in clinical Trials: The example of systemic lupus erythematosus.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Sex and gender differences in rheumatology: clinical impact and future directions.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Gender differences in the clinical features and quality of life of Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study based on the LUNA registry.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Hypertension in Pediatric Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Historical Study.International journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- A pipeline for enabling path-specific causal fairness in observational health data.Proceedings of the ... Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · 2026Article
- XIST expression and hypermethylation of the X chromosome in males with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Visualizing Real-World Pain Treatment Pathways in Chronic Disease: A Sequence-Based Analysis of Polypharmacy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting Primarily With End-Stage Renal Disease in Men: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- A case of lupus nephritis with masked polyclonal IgG presenting as severe AKI, successfully treated and withdrawn from hemodialysis: a case report.CEN case reports · 2025Article
- Indicators of Functional Disability by Receipt of Disability Benefits Among Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.The Journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Long-term outcomes and associated prognostic risk factors of childhood-onset lupus nephritis.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMale patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to be similar to female patients with SLE, but key clinical characteristics may differ. Comparisons were made between male and female patients with SLE in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.
methodsA total of 1979 patients in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were included in the analysis.
resultsThe cohort consisted of 157 men (66.2% white, 33.8% African American) and 1822 women (59.8% white, 40.2% African American). The mean followup was 6.02 years (range 0-23.73). Men were more likely than women to have disability, hypertension, thrombosis, and renal, hematological, and serological manifestations. Men were more likely to be diagnosed at an older age and to have a lower education level. Women were more likely to have malar rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, alopecia, Raynaud's phenomenon, or arthralgia. Men were more likely than women to have experienced end organ damage including neuropsychiatric, renal, cardiovascular, peripheral vascular disease, and myocardial infarction, and to have died. In general, differences between males and females were more numerous and striking in whites, especially with respect to lupus nephritis, abnormal serologies, and thrombosis.
conclusionOur study suggests that there are major clinical differences between male and female patients with SLE. Differences between male and female patients also depend on ethnicity. Future SLE studies will need to consider both ethnicity and gender to understand these differences.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.