ArticleSchizophrenia research2012
Low maternal retinol as a risk factor for schizophrenia in adult offspring.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal Primary Prevention of Mental Illness by Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A comprehensive review on schizophrenia: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, conventional treatments, and proposed natural compounds used for management.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Geographic and socio-demographic determinants of plasma retinol concentrations in Chinese pregnant and lactating women.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- How do established developmental risk-factors for schizophrenia change the way the brain develops?Translational psychiatry · 2021Review
- Selected Micronutrients: An Option to Boost Immunity against COVID-19 and Prevent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2020Review
- Polygenic disruption of retinoid signalling in schizophrenia and a severe cognitive deficit subtype.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Article
- Maternal Malnutrition in the Etiopathogenesis of Psychiatric Diseases: Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.Brain sciences · 2016Review
- Nutritional Factors Affecting Mental Health.Clinical nutrition research · 2016Review
- Animal models of gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia: A dimensional perspective.Progress in neurobiology · 2016Review
- Feasibility of investigating differential proteomic expression in depression: implications for biomarker development in mood disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2015Article
- Dietary energy intake affects fetal survival and development during early and middle pregnancy in Large White and Meishan gilts.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2015Article
- Vitamin supplementation in the treatment of schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2014Review
- Sibling characteristics and early onset psychoses among the young adolescent patient population.Child psychiatry and human development · 2014Article
- Striatal development involves a switch in gene expression networks, followed by a myelination event: implications for neuropsychiatric disease.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrenatal micronutrient deficiency has been linked to later development of schizophrenia among offspring; however, no study has specifically investigated the association between vitamin A and this disorder. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient which is required by the early embryo and fetus for gene expression and regulation, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Previous work suggests that vitamin A deficiency in the second trimester may be particularly relevant to the etiopathogenesis of neurobehavioral phenotypes some of which are observed in schizophrenia.
methodsWe examined whether low maternal vitamin A levels in the second trimester are associated with the risk of schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia study; third trimester vitamin A levels were also examined in relation to SSD. The cases were derived from a population-based birth cohort; all cohort members belonged to a prepaid health plan. Archived maternal serum samples were assayed for vitamin A in cases (N=55) and up to 2 controls per case (N=106) matched on length of membership in the health plan, date of birth (±28 days), sex, and gestational timing and availability of archived maternal sera.
resultsFor the second trimester, low maternal vitamin A, defined as values in the lowest tertile of the distribution among controls, was associated with a greater than threefold increased risk of SSD, adjusting for maternal education and age (OR=3.04, 95% CI=1.06, 8.79, p=.039). No association between third trimester maternal vitamin A and SSD was observed.
conclusionsAlthough further investigations are warranted, this is the first birth cohort study to our knowledge to report an association between low maternal vitamin A levels and SSD among offspring.
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Registered trials
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