ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2011
Central nervous system vasculitis: still more questions than answers.
Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for vertebral artery stenosis due to primary central nervous system vasculitis: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Unmasking the Imitators: Challenges in Identifying Intracranial Atherosclerosis-Related Large Vessel Occlusion Mimics During Mechanical Thrombectomy.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: A Preliminary Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical Problem Solving: A 38-year-Old Woman With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting With Headache, Nausea, and Vomiting.The Neurohospitalist · 2023Article
- Giant-cell arteritis related strokes: scoping review of mechanisms and rethinking treatment strategy?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Right arm weakness and mouth deviation as a presentation of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System treated with rituximab: A case-report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Large-vessel vasculitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- FusedRadiology case reports · 2021Article
- Elevated intracranial pressure requiring decompressive craniectomy in a child with progressive primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Article
- Imaging of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Pictorial Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Review
- An Unusual Cause of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Clinical Pearls Regarding Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System.Neurological sciences and neurosurgery · 2020Article
- Exploratory proteomic analysis implicates the alternative complement cascade in primary CNS vasculitis.Neurology · 2019Article
- Endothelins in inflammatory neurological diseases.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Review
- Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: diagnosis and treatment.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2018Review
- The Emerging Role of Microbial Biofilm in Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Review
- A Closer Look at Angiitis of the central nervous system.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2017Article
- Extensive and Progressive Cerebral Infarction afterKorean journal of critical care medicine · 2017Article
- Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Lyme Neuroborreliosis-A Systematic Review of Published Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Review
- Giant cell arteritis: ophthalmic manifestations of a systemic disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) may be involved by a variety of inflammatory diseases of blood vessels. These include primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), a rare disorder specifically targeting the CNS vasculature, and the systemic vasculitides which may affect the CNS among other organs and systems. Both situations are severe and convey a guarded prognosis. PACNS usually presents with headache and cognitive impairment. Focal symptoms are infrequent at disease onset but are common in more advanced stages. The diagnosis of PACNS is difficult because, although magnetic resonance imaging is almost invariably abnormal, findings are non specific. Angiography has limited sensitivity and specificity. Brain and leptomeningeal biopsy may provide a definitive diagnosis when disclosing blood vessel inflammation and are also useful to exclude other conditions presenting with similar findings. However, since lesions are segmental, a normal biopsy does not completely exclude PACNS. Secondary CNS involvement by systemic vasculitis occurs in less than one fifth of patients but may be devastating. A prompt recognition and aggressive treatment is crucial to avoid permanent damage and dysfunction. Glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide are recommended for patients with PACNS and for patients with secondary CNS involvement by small-medium-sized systemic vasculitis. CNS involvement in large-vessel vasculitis is usually managed with high-dose glucocorticoids (giant-cell arteritis) or glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents (Takayasu's disease). However, in large vessel vasculitis, where CNS symptoms are usually due to involvement of extracranial arteries (Takayasu's disease) or proximal portions of intracranial arteries (giant-cell arteritis), revascularization procedures may also have an important role.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.