Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22379455›Full record

ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2011

Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis and treatment.

Ingrid Loma, Rock Heyman

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
128citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04178980 phase1unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial of Simvastatin Use As Adjuvant Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

TypeinterventionalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2020 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsSimvastatin Multiple SclerosisArmsSimvastatin in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
NCT05298670 phase2unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Drug Repurposing Using Metformin for Improving the Therapeutic Outcome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorGerman University in CairoRan2022 to 2023Enrolled80ConditionsMultiple SclerosisArmsMetFORMIN 1000 Mg Oral Tablet, Interferon beta-1a
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 339 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Motor reaction time and accuracy in patients with multiple sclerosis: effects of an active computerized training program.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019
    Trial
  3. A randomized double-blind trial of comparative efficacy and safety of Avonex and CinnoVex for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018
    Trial
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68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ingrid LomaDepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Rock Heyman
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States and onset is usually during young adulthood. There are four clinical forms of MS, of which relapsing remitting type is the most common. As the etiology of MS is unknown, finding a cure will remain challenging. The main mechanism of injury appears to be inflammation and 8 agents are now FDA approved to help control MS. These agents for relapsing forms of MS target different parts of the immune system, with the end goal of decreasing and avoiding further inflammation. No agents are FDA approved for the primary progressive version of MS. FDA approved agents include four preparations of interferon β (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron and Extavia), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), natalizumab (Tysabri) and fingolimod (Gilenya). There are several drug undergoing phase II and III trials. The heterogeneity of the MS disease process, individual patient response, and medication toxicities continue to challenge the treating physician.

Indexed as

glatiramer acetate.immune responseinterferon-betaMultiple sclerosispathogenesis

Identifiers

PMID22379455
PMCPMC3151595
OpenAlexW2031358440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.