ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2012
The remaining challenges of pneumococcal disease in adults.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host genetic variability and pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2019Pooled it
- Article
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome as Independent Risk Factor for Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Evidence from a Territory-Wide Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Hospital burden of pneumococcal disease in Spain (2016-2022): A retrospective study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Economic burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalized children in Zhejiang Province, China: A multicenter hospital-based study conducted from 2014-2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Observational
- Neighborhood-level disadvantages increase risk for invasive pneumococcal disease.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Societal Cost of Racial Pneumococcal Disease Disparities in US Adults Aged 50 Years or Older.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Pneumococcal Serotype Evolution and Burden in European Adults in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Health and economic outcomes of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine strategies for adults in Greece.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevention of exacerbation in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD with the intent to modulate respiratory microbiome: a pilot prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Characterization of the innate immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Observational
- Invasive pneumococcal disease confirmed in five different sites including Austrian syndrome in a male patient with methamphetamine abuse.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Clinical practice guidelines 2019: Indian consensus-based recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination for adults.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2020Article
- Serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Isolates ofInfection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- State-of-the-art in the pneumococcal field: Proceedings of the 11Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2020Review
- Delay in antibiotic therapy results in fatal disease outcome in murine pneumococcal pneumonia.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumococcal disease can be divided into invasive disease, i.e. when bacteria are detected in normally sterile body fluids, and noninvasive disease. Pneumococcal disease occurs more frequently in younger children and older adults. It is estimated that, in 2050, 30.3% of the European population will be ≥65 yrs old, compared with 15.7% in 2000. Preventive medicine, including vaccination, is essential for the promotion of healthy ageing. Uptake rates for influenza vaccination in the elderly are generally low, despite recommendations in many countries. In addition, it has been reported that influenza infections can make people more susceptible to pneumococcal infections. Despite pneumococcal vaccination, case fatality rates for patients hospitalised with invasive pneumococcal disease have remained at around 12% since the 1950s. Even when effective antibiotic therapy is administered, mortality can be high amongst immunocompetent patients in intensive care. Timely and accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal disease and identification of patients at high risk of poor outcome is essential to ensure that adequate treatment, including hospitalisation when necessary, is implemented as early as possible. Improved diagnostic techniques and more efficacious treatments may help to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease, but preventive measures, such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, should be promoted in order to avoid preventable disease, particularly in the elderly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.