ArticleJournal of virology2012
Widespread impact of HLA restriction on immune control and escape pathways of HIV-1.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterisation of HIV-1 Gag Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in the Southern African Region-A Systematic Review.Immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Outcomes with third-party virus-specific T cells after the use of single-antigen cell lines to predict HLA restriction.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Role of transmitted Gag CTL polymorphisms in defining replicative capacity and early HIV-1 pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- Article
- COMBO-RATE: An experimentally validated bioinformatic tool to identify promiscuous HLA restrictions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enterocyte Autoantibodies (GECAs) and HLA: Their Relationship with HIV Infection Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Full-length next-generation sequencing of 11 HLA loci of more than 1000 individuals from clinical cohorts in East and West Africa.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Large-scale statistical mapping of T-cell receptorFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of ChAdOx1 or DNA Prime Vaccination on Magnitude, Breadth, and Focus of MVA-Boosted Immunogen-Specific T Cell Responses.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Energy demanding RNA and protein metabolism drive dysfunctionality of HIV-specific T cell changes during chronic HIV infection.PloS one · 2024Article
- No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1Vaccines · 2023Article
- HIV-1 Group M Capsid Amino Acid Variability: Implications for Sequence Quality Control of Genotypic Resistance Testing.Viruses · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory Activity of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dasatinib to Elicit NK Cytotoxicity against Cancer, HIV Infection and Aging.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Highly Ambiguous HIV-1 Pol Positions Encoding Multiple Amino Acids Usually Result from Antiviral or Immune Selection Pressure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- HIV-1 Transmission Cluster in Injection Drug Users in Nairobi City, Kenya.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2023Article
- Definition of a New HLA B*52-Restricted Rev CTL Epitope Targeted by an HIV-1-Infected Controller.Viruses · 2023Article
- Relationship of HLA-B alleles on susceptibility to and protection from HIV infection in Turkish population.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2023Article
- Control of HIV-1 Replication by CD8Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Deep sequencing of the HIV-1 polymerase gene for characterisation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes during early and chronic disease stages.Virology journal · 2022Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The promiscuous presentation of epitopes by similar HLA class I alleles holds promise for a universal T-cell-based HIV-1 vaccine. However, in some instances, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) restricted by HLA alleles with similar or identical binding motifs are known to target epitopes at different frequencies, with different functional avidities and with different apparent clinical outcomes. Such differences may be illuminated by the association of similar HLA alleles with distinctive escape pathways. Using a novel computational method featuring phylogenetically corrected odds ratios, we systematically analyzed differential patterns of immune escape across all optimally defined epitopes in Gag, Pol, and Nef in 2,126 HIV-1 clade C-infected adults. Overall, we identified 301 polymorphisms in 90 epitopes associated with HLA alleles belonging to shared supertypes. We detected differential escape in 37 of 38 epitopes restricted by more than one allele, which included 278 instances of differential escape at the polymorphism level. The majority (66 to 97%) of these resulted from the selection of unique HLA-specific polymorphisms rather than differential epitope targeting rates, as confirmed by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISPOT) data. Discordant associations between HLA alleles and viral load were frequently observed between allele pairs that selected for differential escape. Furthermore, the total number of associated polymorphisms strongly correlated with average viral load. These studies confirm that differential escape is a widespread phenomenon and may be the norm when two alleles present the same epitope. Given the clinical correlates of immune escape, such heterogeneity suggests that certain epitopes will lead to discordant outcomes if applied universally in a vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.