ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
ERK2-dependent activation of c-Jun is required for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in inner ear fibrocytes.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratympanic Lipopolysaccharide Elevates Systemic Fluorescent Gentamicin Uptake in the Cochlea.The Laryngoscope · 2021Article
- Inflammation associated with noise-induced hearing loss.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2019Review
- Forgotten Fibrocytes: A Neglected, Supporting Cell Type of the Cochlea With the Potential to be an Alternative Therapeutic Target in Hearing Loss.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2017Review
- Aminoglycoside-Induced Cochleotoxicity: A Review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2017Review
- Interleukin-10 Attenuates Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity to HEI-OC1 Cochlear Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2017Article
- An in vitro model of murine middle ear epithelium.Disease models & mechanisms · 2016Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 modulates the cochlear immune response to acoustic injury.Cell death & disease · 2016Article
- Biology and pathobiology of lipid droplets and their potential role in the protection of the organ of Corti.Hearing research · 2015Review
- Correlative mRNA and protein expression of middle and inner ear inflammatory cytokines during mouse acute otitis media.Hearing research · 2015Article
- IL-10/HMOX1 signaling modulates cochlear inflammation via negative regulation of MCP-1/CCL2 expression in cochlear fibrocytes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- NOD2/RICK-dependent β-defensin 2 regulation is protective for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced middle ear infection.PloS one · 2014Article
- NTHi induction of Cxcl2 and middle ear mucosal metaplasia in mice.The Laryngoscope · 2013Article
- Inner ear tissue remodeling and ion homeostasis gene alteration in murine chronic otitis media.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2013Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The inner ear, composed of the cochlea and the vestibule, is a specialized sensory organ for hearing and balance. Although the inner ear has been known as an immune-privileged organ, there is emerging evidence indicating an active immune reaction of the inner ear. Inner ear inflammation can be induced by the entry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection. Because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can impact the normal development of language and motor coordination. Previously, we have demonstrated that the inner ear fibrocytes (spiral ligament fibrocytes) are able to recognize nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen of middle ear infection, and upregulate a monocyte-attracting chemokine through TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism involved in nontypeable H. influenzae-induced cochlear infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The rat spiral ligament fibrocytes were found to release CXCL2 in response to nontypeable H. influenzae via activation of c-Jun, leading to the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the cochlea. We also demonstrate that MEK1/ERK2 signaling pathway is required for nontypeable H. influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in the rat spiral ligament fibrocytes. Two AP-1 motifs in the 5'-flanking region of CXCL2 appeared to function as a nontypeable H. influenzae-responsive element, and the proximal AP-1 motif was found to have a higher binding affinity to nontypeable H. influenzae-activated c-Jun than that of the distal one. Our results will enable us better to understand the molecular pathogenesis of middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.