ArticleScience translational medicine2012
HIV-specific cytolytic CD4 T cell responses during acute HIV infection predict disease outcome.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term follow up of human T-cell responses to conserved HIV-1 regions elicited by DNA/simian adenovirus/MVA vaccine regimens.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Reduced Plasmodium Parasite Burden Associates with CD38+ CD4+ T Cells Displaying Cytolytic Potential and Impaired IFN-γ Production.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
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- A lower viral set point but little immunological impact after early treatment during primary HIV infection.Viral immunology · 2015Trial
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- Trial
- Analysis of HLA A*02 association with vaccine efficacy in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial.Journal of virology · 2014Trial
- Broad and potent cellular and humoral immune responses after a second late HIV-modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccination in HIV-DNA-primed and HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara-boosted Swedish vaccinees.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Trial
- Identification of key genes associated with T cell exhaustion in HIV infection based on transcriptomic data.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Local and circulating cytotoxic CD4medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Protein-dependent CD4iScience · 2026Article
- Development of a pediatric immune cell atlas and characterization of CD4+ T cells in food allergy.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell profiling reveals immunometabolic remodeling with T-cell dysfunction in HIV-1 infected people.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Dual Agents in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in cancer: an emerging target for next-generation anticancer immunotherapy?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Molecular assessment of the HIV pol gene and use of computational vaccine design targeting Pakistani isolates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- T cell-mediated SIV dissemination into the CNS: a single-cell transcriptomic analysis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Osteoblast-CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early immunological events during acute HIV infection are thought to fundamentally influence long-term disease outcome. Whereas the contribution of HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses to early viral control is well established, the role of HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses in the control of viral replication after acute infection is unknown. A growing body of evidence suggests that CD4 T cells-besides their helper function-have the capacity to directly recognize and kill virally infected cells. In a longitudinal study of a cohort of individuals acutely infected with HIV, we observed that subjects able to spontaneously control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy showed a significant expansion of HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses-but not CD8 T cell responses-compared to subjects who progressed to a high viral set point (P = 0.038). Markedly, this expansion occurred before differences in viral load or CD4 T cell count and was characterized by robust cytolytic activity and expression of a distinct profile of perforin and granzymes at the earliest time point. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the emergence of granzyme A(+) HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses at baseline was highly predictive of slower disease progression and clinical outcome (average days to CD4 T cell count <350/μl was 575 versus 306, P = 0.001). These data demonstrate that HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses can be used during the earliest phase of HIV infection as an immunological predictor of subsequent viral set point and disease outcome. Moreover, these data suggest that expansion of granzyme A(+) HIV-specific cytolytic CD4 T cell responses early during acute HIV infection contributes substantially to the control of viral replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.