ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2012
Mixed tuberculosis infections in rural South Vietnam.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methods for Detecting Mycobacterial Mixed Strain Infections-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic review of mutations in pyrazinamidase associated with pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Pooled it
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Polyclonal Infection - Diagnostic Challenges and the Importance of Sequencing to the Improvement of Case Management - Case Report.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Africa: Molecular analysis of clinical specimens of suspected cases in Northern Ghana.Public health challenges · 2024Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing Exhibits Better Diagnostic Performance than Variable-Number Tandem Repeats for Identifying Mixed Infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from humans and animals in northeastern Iran.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A multiplex PCR assay for the differentiation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Insights into the Complexity of a DormantMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Mixed tuberculosis infections in Northwest of Iran.Le infezioni in medicina · 2021Article
- Usefulness of 3'- 5' IS6110-RFLP genotyping and spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in a tertiary hospital: a retrospective study detecting unsuspected epidemiological events.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2019Article
- Occurrence and Nature of Double Alleles in Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Patterns of More than 8,000 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in The Netherlands.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Article
- An evaluation of false-positive rifampicin resistance on the Xpert MTB/RIF.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Polyclonal Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infections and Risk for Multidrug Resistance, Lima, Peru.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- In-Depth Characterization and Functional Analysis of Clonal Variants in aFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Tuberculosis Control and Role of Molecular Epidemiology Studies in Iran: A Systematic Review.Tanaffos · 2017Article
- Standard Genotyping Overestimates Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Immigrants in a Low-Incidence Country.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2016Article
- Mixed Infections and Rifampin Heteroresistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2015Article
- Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cambodian children.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Tuberculosis in swine co-infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and Mycobacterium bovis in a cluster from Argentina.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Advanced immune suppression is associated with increased prevalence of mixed-strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections among persons at high risk for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Botswana.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis patients may be infected with or have disease caused by more than one Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, usually referred to as "mixed infections." These have mainly been observed in settings with a very high tuberculosis incidence and/or high HIV prevalence. We assessed the rate of mixed infections in a population-based study in rural Vietnam, where the prevalences of both HIV and tuberculosis are substantially lower than those in previous studies looking at mixed infections. In total, 1,248 M. tuberculosis isolates from the same number of patients were subjected to IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, spoligotyping, and variable-number-tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing. We compared mixed infections identified by the presence of (i) discrepant RFLP and spoligotype patterns in isolates from the same patient and (ii) double alleles at ≥ 2 loci by VNTR typing and assessed epidemiological characteristics of these infections. RFLP/spoligotyping and VNTR typing identified 39 (3.1%) and 60 (4.8%) mixed infections, respectively (Cohen's kappa statistic, 0.57). The number of loci with double alleles in the VNTR pattern was strongly associated with the proportion of isolates with mixed infections according to RFLP/spoligotyping (P < 0.001). Mixed infections occurred more frequently in newly treated than in previously treated patients, were significantly associated with minor X-ray abnormalities, and were almost significantly associated with lower sputum smear grades. Although the infection pressure in our study area is lower than that in previously studied populations, mixed M. tuberculosis infections do occur in rural South Vietnam in at least 3.1% of cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.