ArticleNeurourology and urodynamics2012
A comparison of the effect of age on levator ani and obturator internus muscle cross-sectional areas and volumes in nulliparous women.
Article in Neurourology and urodynamics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07114068 (Does Self-Soft Tissue Mobilization of Obturator Internus Reduce Pelvic Floor or Hip Dysfunction), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does Self-Soft Tissue Mobilization of Obturator Internus Reduce Pelvic Floor or Hip Dysfunction
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pelvic Floor Muscle Evaluation in Older Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Feasibility Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Vaginal and Labial Dimensions of Ethnic Chinese and Western Nullipara.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Analysis of minimal levator ani hiatus area based on MRI in female adults without pelvic floor dysfunction at different age groups.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani in women progressing from full-term pregnancy to 10 months postpartum.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2022Article
- Quantifying the Effects of Aging on Morphological and Cellular Properties of Human Female Pelvic Floor Muscles.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Aging effects on pelvic floor support: a pilot study comparing young versus older nulliparous women.International urogynecology journal · 2020Article
- A novel measurement of pelvic floor cross-sectional area in older and younger women with and without prolapse.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Technique development and measurement of cross-sectional area of the pubovisceral muscle on MRI scans of living women.International urogynecology journal · 2019Article
- On the variation in maternal birth canal in vivo viscoelastic properties and their effect on the predicted length of active second stage and levator ani tears.Journal of biomechanics · 2018Article
- A constitutive model description of the in vivo material properties of lower birth canal tissue during the first stage of labor.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2018Article
- Age-related alterations in female obturator internus muscle.International urogynecology journal · 2017Article
- Impact of vaginal parity and aging on the architectural design of pelvic floor muscles.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Reference data on muscle volumes of healthy human pelvis and lower extremity muscles: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging feasibility study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2016Article
- Comparison of muscle fiber directions between different levator ani muscle subdivisions: in vivo MRI measurements in women.International urogynecology journal · 2014Article
- Interrater reliability of assessing levator ani deficiency with 360° 3D endovaginal ultrasound.International urogynecology journal · 2014Article
- Architectural design of the pelvic floor is consistent with muscle functional subspecialization.International urogynecology journal · 2014Article
- Does age affect visualization of the levator ani in nulliparous women?International urogynecology journal · 2013Article
- Increasing Age Is a Risk Factor for Decreased Postpartum Pelvic Floor Strength.Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsFunctional tests have demonstrated minimal loss of vaginal closure force with age. So we tested the null hypotheses that age neither affects the maximum cross-sectional area (CSA) nor the volume of the levator muscle. Corresponding hypotheses were also tested in the adjacent obturator internus muscle, which served as a control for the effect of age on appendicular muscle in these women.
methodsMagnetic resonance images of 15 healthy younger (aged 21-25 years) and 12 healthy older nulliparous women (aged >63 years) were selected to avoid the confounding effect of childbirth. Models were created from tracing outlines of the levator ani muscle in the coronal plane, and obturator internus in the axial plane using 3D Slicer v. 3.4. Muscle volumes were calculated using Slicer, while CSA was measured using Imageware™ at nine locations. The hypotheses were tested using repeated measures analysis of variance with P < 0.05 being considered significant.
resultsThe effect of age did not reach statistical significance for the decrease in levator ani muscle maximum CSA or the decrease in volume (4.3%, P = 0.62 and 10.9%, 0.12, respectively). However, age did significantly adversely decrease obturator internus muscle maximum CSA and volume (24.5% and 28.2%, P < 0.001, respectively). Significant local age-related changes were observed dorsally in both muscles.
conclusionsUnlike the adjacent appendicular muscle, obturator internus, the levator ani muscle in healthy nullipara does not show evidence of significant age-related atrophy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.