ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2012
Evidence for a stepwise program of extrathymic T cell development within the human tonsil.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
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- Association between childhood tonsillectomy and increased risk of autoimmune disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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- iPSC stem cell banks: is it really necessary if we already have cord blood banks?Regenerative medicine · 2025Article
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- An atlas of cells in the human tonsil.Immunity · 2024Article
- Differences between Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Base of the Tongue and the Tonsils in Prevalence of HPV16 Infection, Its Type, and Clinical Features.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- The intestinal γδ T cells: functions in the gut and in the distant organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Clonotype pattern in T-cell lymphomas map the cell of origin to immature lymphoid precursors.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome shared megakaryocyte expansion in peripheral blood.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Article
- Accelerated Maturation, Exhaustion, and Senescence of T cells in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Association of adenotonsillar disease and adenotonsillectomy with the development of vitiligo: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Development of Human ILCs and Impact of Unconventional Cytotoxic Subsets in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Tonsillectomy and the incidence of various types of cancer.Immunologic research · 2021Review
- αβγδ T cells play a vital role in fetal human skin development and immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
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11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
The development of a broad repertoire of T cells, which is essential for effective immune function, occurs in the thymus. Although some data suggest that T cell development can occur extrathymically, many researchers remain skeptical that extrathymic T cell development has an important role in generating the T cell repertoire in healthy individuals. However, it may be important in the setting of poor thymic function or congenital deficit and in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, or regenerative medicine. Here, we report evidence that a stepwise program of T cell development occurs within the human tonsil. We identified 5 tonsillar T cell developmental intermediates: (a) CD34⁺CD38dimLin⁻ cells, which resemble multipotent progenitors in the bone marrow and thymus; (b) more mature CD34⁺CD38brightLin⁻ cells; (c) CD34⁺CD1a⁺CD11c⁻ cells, which resemble committed T cell lineage precursors in the thymus; (d) CD34⁻CD1a⁺CD3⁻CD11c⁻ cells, which resemble CD4⁺CD8⁺ double-positive T cells in the thymus; and (e) CD34⁻CD1a⁺CD3⁺CD11c⁻ cells. The phenotype of each subset closely resembled that of its thymic counterpart. The last 4 populations expressed RAG1 and PTCRA, genes required for TCR rearrangement, and all 5 subsets were capable of ex vivo T cell differentiation. TdT⁺ cells found within the tonsillar fibrous scaffold expressed CD34 and/or CD1a, indicating that this distinct anatomic region contributes to pre-T cell development, as does the subcapsular region of the thymus. Thus, we provide evidence of a role for the human tonsil in a comprehensive program of extrathymic T cell development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.