ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2012
X chromosome inactivation in women with alcoholism.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of XCI skewing and demonstration of XCI escape region based on single-cell RNA sequencing: comparison between female Grave's disease and control.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2025Article
- Article
- A statistical measure for the skewness of X chromosome inactivation for quantitative traits and its application to the MCTFR data.BMC genomic data · 2021Article
- Skewed X inactivation in Lesch-Nyhan disease carrier females.Journal of human genetics · 2017Article
- X Chromosome Inactivation in Opioid Addicted Women.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2015Article
- The relationship between skewed X chromosome inactivation and the prognosis of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2015Article
- A preliminary case study of androgen receptor gene polymorphism association with impulsivity in women with alcoholism.Advances in genomics and genetics · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAll female mammals with 2 X chromosomes balance gene expression with males having only 1 X by inactivating one of their X chromosomes (X chromosome inactivation [XCI]). Analysis of XCI in females offers the opportunity to investigate both X-linked genetic factors and early embryonic development that may contribute to alcoholism. Increases in the prevalence of skewing of XCI in women with alcoholism could implicate biological risk factors.
methodsThe pattern of XCI was examined in DNA isolated in blood from 44 adult women meeting DSM-IV criteria for an alcohol use disorder and 45 control women with no known history of alcohol abuse or dependence. XCI status was determined by analyzing digested and undigested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene located on the X chromosome. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based upon the degree of XCI skewness: random (50:50 to 64:36%), moderately skewed (65:35 to 80:20%), and highly skewed (>80:20%).
resultsXCI status from informative women with alcoholism was found to be random in 59% (n = 26), moderately skewed in 27% (n = 12), or highly skewed in 14% (n = 6). Control subjects showed 60, 29, and 11%, respectively. The distribution of skewed XCI observed among women with alcoholism did not differ statistically from that of control subjects (χ(2) test = 0.14, 2 df, p = 0.93).
conclusionsOur data did not support an increase in XCI skewness among women with alcoholism or implicate early developmental events associated with embryonic cell loss or unequal (nonrandom) expression of X-linked gene(s) or defects in alcoholism among women.
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