ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2012
A germinal center-independent pathway generates unswitched memory B cells early in the primary response.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 245 papers.
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Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 381 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic regulation of humoral immunity: molecular mechanisms, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct peripheral B-cell immunophenotypes define clinical heterogeneity in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Lecanemab treatment improves B cell subpopulation immune homeostasis in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Review
- Lymphocyte-derived cholinergic circuits modulate germinal center output and B cell activation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Dysfunctional memory B cell responses to the protective repeat region of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Establishing long-lasting vaccine immunity: insights from mRNA and adjuvanted protein platforms.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Chronic viral infections impaired the growth process of splenic B cells by upregulating Bbc3 and Atf3 in LCMV-CL13 infected mouse model.Virulence · 2025Article
- Stratification of systemic lupus erythematosus with IGHV4-34 in unswitched memory B cells.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- One tool, multiple gains: anti-CD38 therapy in antibody-mediated rejection.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Extrafollicular B Cell Responses-Is One Tent Big Enough?Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- IgM and IgG1 B cell receptors differentially affect B cell fates and dictate the pathogenesis of mature B cell lymphomas.Science advances · 2025Article
- CFP1 promotes germinal center affinity maturation and restrains memory B cell differentiation through H3K4me3 modulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Early, adjuvant-responsive epigenetic programs in B cells imprint subsequent plasma cell survival and the duration of humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Thymflammation: The Role of a Constitutively Active Inflammatory Network and "Ectopic" Cell Types in the Thymus in the Induction of T Cell Tolerance and Beyond.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Antigen mobility regulates the dynamics and precision of antigen capture in the B cell immune synapse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Memory B cells can be produced from the classical germinal center (GC) pathway or a less understood GC-independent route. We used antigen-based cell enrichment to assess the relative contributions of these pathways to the polyclonal memory B cell pool. We identified a CD38(+) GL7(+) B cell precursor population that differentiated directly into IgM(+) or isotype-switched (sw) Ig(+) memory B cells in a GC-independent fashion in response to strong CD40 stimulation. Alternatively, CD38(+) GL7(+) B cell precursors had the potential to become Bcl-6(+) GC cells that then generated primarily swIg(+) memory B cells. These results demonstrate that early IgM(+) and swIg(+) memory B cells are products of a GC-independent pathway, whereas later switched Ig(+) memory B cells are products of GC cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.