SynthesisCancer causes & control : CCC2012
The vector of the tobacco epidemic: tobacco industry practices in low and middle-income countries.
Synthesis in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- How does the alcohol industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Pooled it
- How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Tobacco use and associated factors among adults in Ghana: evidence from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Addressing Legal Risks in Public Health Communication Campaigns.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Understanding female smoking in urban China: motivations, stigma and shifting social norms-a qualitative focus group study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- A scoping review and thematic analysis of policy implications of novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products regulation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Exposing tobacco companies' retail presence and highlighting regulatory options.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Improving legislation is a necessity: A multi-method quantitative analysis of tobacco sponsorship and publicity in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Global burden of kidney cancer attributable to smoking: A systematic analysis of the 1990-2021 global burden of disease study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Health advocacy strategies to influence policy-making on and regulation of new and emerging tobacco and nicotine products in Latin America and the Caribbean.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Same Story, Different Seller: Teaching the Public How Cannabis Models Driven by Profit Create the Same Injustices as Prohibition.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Tobacco industry corporate social responsibility activities and other interference after ratification of a strong tobacco law in Ethiopia.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Tobacco industry interference to undermine the development and implementation of graphic health warnings in Bangladesh.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The FRESHAIR4Life study: Global implementation research on non-communicable disease prevention targeting adolescents' exposure to tobacco and air pollution in disadvantaged populations.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Review
- Challenges and opportunities in implementing and enforcing India's loose cigarette sales ban: A qualitative stakeholder analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Tobacco industry pricing strategies for single cigarettes and multistick packs after excise tax increases in Colombia.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Tobacco Use Among Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.Preventing chronic disease · 2023Article
- Tobacco use by sexual and gender minorities: findings from a Brazilian national survey.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Global burden of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking, 1990-2019: an ecological study.The EPMA journal · 2023Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo understand transnational tobacco companies' (TTCs) practices in low and middle-income countries which serve to block tobacco-control policies and promote tobacco use.
methodsSystematic review of published research on tobacco industry activities to promote tobacco use and oppose tobacco-control policies in low and middle-income countries.
resultsTTCs' strategies used in low and middle-income countries followed four main themes-economic activity; marketing/promotion; political activity; and deceptive/manipulative activity. Economic activity, including foreign investment and smuggling, was used to enter new markets. Political activities included lobbying, offering voluntary self-regulatory codes, and mounting corporate social responsibility campaigns. Deceptive activities included manipulation of science and use of third-party allies to oppose smoke-free policies, delay other tobacco-control policies, and maintain support of policymakers and the public for a pro-tobacco industry policy environment. TTCs used tactics for marketing, advertising, and promoting their brands that were tailored to specific market environments. These activities included direct and indirect tactis, targeting particular populations, and introducing new tobacco products designed to limit marketing restrictions and taxes, maintain the social acceptability of tobacco use, and counter tobacco-control efforts.
conclusionsTTCs have used similar strategies in high-income countries as these being described in low and middle-income countries. As required by FCTC Article 5.3, to counter tobacco industry pressures and to implement effective tobacco-control policies, governments and health professionals in low and middle-income countries should fully understand TTCs practices and counter them.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.